当代中国人的问题研究梳理与前瞻

人的问题是一个古老而常新,恒久而不废的哲学问题.当代中国哲学对人的问题 的思考是与中国改革开放的现实步调一致的,对当代中国人的问题研究的梳理总结,就是对 中国改革开放和社会主义建设的回顾与反思.当代中国人的问题研究梳理总结:多学科对人 的问题关注到人学的独立思考;人的问题研究主题内容的历时变换;人的问题研究的多向视 角.人的问题研究发展前瞻:全球化语境下人的发展问题;人的问题研究的现实性和实践性 问题;人的问题研究的学科复合和综合创新问题;关注人的个体发展、群体发展和类发展问题.     

基于协作的三阶段启发式算法求解多行程车辆行程问题

目的/意义多行程配送,允许车辆在配送中心和客户点之间往返完成配送任务,具有低遣车成本、高配送效率等优点。配送中,客户需求由于暂时缺乏信息而不能肯定其取值,但知其大概范围呈现灰色不确定性,对配送路径决策产生影响。设计/方法针对小样本、贫信息的客户历史需求,构建灰色–马尔可夫模型预测客户灰需求,建立带灰需求的多行程车辆路径优化模型。由于灰需求的不确定性,需对原配送方案进行优化调整,提出实时调整的多行程路径优化策略。结论/发现针对灰色优化模型,引入机会约束方法,设计基于灰色模拟和禁忌搜索算法的模型优化求解算法。最后,通过算例验证了优化模型和求解算法是可行和有效的。      

A Preliminary Investigation of the Reinforcement Function of Signal Detections in Simulated Baggage Screening: Further Support for the Vigilance Reinforcement Hypothesis

The vigilance reinforcement hypothesis (VRH) asserts that errors in signal detection tasks are partially explained by operant reinforcement and extinction processes. VRH predictions were tested with a computerized baggage screening task. Our experiment evaluated the effects of signal schedule (extinction vs. variable interval 6 min) and visual field complexity (dial vs. baggage x-ray) on search behavior rates. There was a main effect for signal schedule [F (1, 20) = 14.0, p = .001, p_rep = 0.99], but no effects for field complexity or interaction. The VRH suggests that performance errors in visual screening work may be reduced through operant conditioning of search behaviors by intensive management of artificially planted signals.     

Job route selection model for workload balancing between workstations in flexible flow line

A flexible flow line (FFL) consists of several groups of identical machines. All work-orders flow along the same path through successive machine groups. Thus, the balancing of workloads between machine groups in order to maximize total productivity is emphasized. On the other hand, many different types of work-orders, in varying batch or lot sizes, are produced simultaneously. The mix of work-orders, their lot sizes, and the sequence in which they are produced affect the workload. However, the work-orders and their lot sizes are pre-fixed and cannot be changed. Because of these reasons, an optimal route selection model has been developed using heuristic search and a min-max algorithm for balancing the workload between machine groups in the FFL.     

A Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure for the Feedback Vertex Set Problem

A Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure (GRASP) is a randomized heuristic that has produced high quality solutions for a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems. The NP-complete Feedback Vertex Set (FVS) Problem is to find the minimum number of vertices that need to be removed from a directed graph so that the resulting graph has no directed cycle. The FVS problem has found applications in many fields, including VLSI design, program verification, and statistical inference. In this paper, we develop a GRASP for the FVS problem. We describe GRASP construction mechanisms and local search, as well as some efficient problem reduction techniques. We report computational experience on a set of test problems using three variants of GRASP.     

一类新的自适应非单调谱投影梯度法

给出了求解凸约束优化的一类新的自适应非单调谱投影梯度法.通过引入具有自适应性的权重参数,使算法在迭代过程中能自动调节非单调策略. 在适当条件下证明了算法的收敛性.数值试验结果表明,该算法在一定程度上能减少在线搜索过程中对非单调参数M的依赖.     

基于自适应大邻域搜索的鲁棒多项目调度方法

多项目资源管理有时需要采用一种资源专享-转移策略，该策略下可更新资源在多项目之间不共享，但在当前项目完工之后其资源可以转移至其它还未开始的项目。针对这一实际问题的理论研究非常有限。考虑活动工期的不确定性，从时差效用函数视角评价项目调度计划的鲁棒性，在考虑拖期成本-鲁棒性的多目标问题框架下，构建了一个资源专享-转移视角下的多项目资源分配(战术层)与鲁棒调度(运作层)双层决策优化模型。针对模型的NP-hard性质和多目标组合优化特征，设计了一种新的自适应大邻域搜索(adaptive large neighborhood search，ALNS)算法求解模型。该算法采用“项目-缓冲-资源-活动”列表的混合编码表示问题可行解，提出基于四类列表的destroy-repair邻域结构，设计一种超体积指标进行自适应搜索以提高算法性能。最后，为了验证ALNS算法的适用性和有效性，设计一种NSGA-II算法作为比较基准，通过大规模仿真实验对算法性能进行了对比分析，并探索工期不确定水平对多项目调度方案鲁棒性的影响。     

Search With Adverse Selection

This paper analyzes a sequential search model with adverse selection. We study information aggregation by the price—how close the equilibrium prices are to the full‐information prices—when search frictions are small. We identify circumstances under which prices fail to aggregate information well even when search frictions are small. We trace this to a strong form of the winner's curse that is present in the sequential search model. The failure of information aggregation may result in inefficient allocations.     

区域贸易协定深度对中国参与全球价值链的影响

为了降低经济不确定性和谋求共同发展,包括中国在内的越来越多国家选择加入各类区域贸 易协定(RTA),这势必会对我国参与全球价值链产生深远影响。本文运用纵向测量法构建区域贸易协定 深度,计算中国参与并仍在生效的贸易协定深度,分析其对我国制造业全球价值链参与度的影响。结果 显示,协定深度可以提高我国全球价值链前向参与度,抑制后向参与度。在异质性分析中,不同RTA 类 型的作用方向相同,与基准回归结果一致。从缔约国类型来看,中国与发达国家协定深度效应与总体结 果相同,在混合型协定中,协定深度作用方向则完全相反。在发展中国家的协定中,提高协定深度只对后 向参与度有促进作用。核心条款中,电子商务和知识产权保护条款深度可以提高全球价值链前向参与 度,减少后向参与度,对提升全球价值链嵌入位置影响最大。     

Uncertainty and Unemployment

This paper studies the impact of time‐varying idiosyncratic risk at the establishment level on unemployment fluctuations over 1972–2009. I build a tractable directed search model with firm dynamics and time‐varying idiosyncratic volatility. The model allows for endogenous separations, entry and exit, and job‐to‐job transitions. I show that the model can replicate salient features of the microeconomic behavior of firms and that the introduction of volatility improves the fit of the model for standard business cycle moments. In a series of counterfactual experiments, I show that time‐varying risk is important to account for the magnitude of fluctuations in aggregate unemployment for past U.S. recessions. Though the model can account for about 40% of the total increase in unemployment for the 2007–2009 recession, uncertainty alone is not sufficient to explain the magnitude and persistence of unemployment during that episode.