循环经济系统废弃物资源化的经济学分析

本文分析了废弃物资源化过程和无害化处理过程的功能，导出了废弃物资源化系统的生产优化条件。根据废弃物市场定价的资源含量与治污难度的函数特征，研究了在边际收益均衡和市场博弈均衡下的市场定价机制，给出了废弃物市场交易定价的求解条件。作为一个自负盈亏单位，把废弃物的购买（可正可负的）支出计入成本，资源化价值作为效益，推导了废弃物投入量作为变量的利润最大化条件。     

SADDLEPOINT METHODS FOR BOOTSTRAP CONFIDENCE BANDS IN NONPARAMETRIC REGRESSION

Bootstrap techniques have been used to construct confidence bands in nonparametric regression problems (Härdle & Bowman, 1988). Yet the required simulation is generally computationally intensive and therefore makes it difficult to conduct further investigations. In this paper, two saddlepoint methods are considered as alternatives to the naive simulation procedure. Some improvements to Härdle & Bowman's bootstrap method are suggested. The improvements are numerically verified using these efficient and accurate analytic methods.     

循环经济的理论分析及其制度安排

循环经济是建立在生态经济学、环境经济学等基础上的新学科。作为一项系统工程,发展循环经济不仅需要建立完善的法律保障体系,还需要通过完备的经济政策支持体系构建资源再利用和再生的生产模式,来引导、规范企业及经济主体的行为,合理利用资源,从而形成循环经济的良性发展机制。     

辽宁循环经济发展水平的主成分法评价

辽宁省是资源大省也是消耗大省,通过建立符合省情的循环经济评价体系,监测、评价循环经济发展现状及预测未来趋势,为辽宁省制定经济发展、资源利用及环保政策提供可靠依据。基于评价体系,运用主成分分析方法对辽宁省循环经济发展水平进行分析和评价。     

Testing the Martingale Difference Hypothesis

In this paper we consider testing that an economic time series follows a martingale difference process. The martingale difference hypothesis has typically been tested using information contained in the second moments of a process, that is, using test statistics based on the sample autocovariances or periodograms. Tests based on these statistics are inconsistent since they cannot detect nonlinear alternatives. In this paper we consider tests that detect linear and nonlinear alternatives. Given that the asymptotic distributions of the considered tests statistics depend on the data generating process, we propose to implement the tests using a modified wild bootstrap procedure. The paper theoretically justifies the proposed tests and examines their finite sample behavior by means of Monte Carlo experiments.     

生态工业城市建设的清洁生产与治理

生态工业城市建设的最大特点就是以循环经济模式来进行建设,生态工业城市应能实现经济发展、社会进步和生态保护的相互协调,以及物质、能量、信息的高效利用。生态城市经济系统要沿着可持续状态运行,就必须走“资源—产品—再生资源”的物质反复流动过程,以“减量化(R educe)、再使用(R euse)、再循环(R ecycle)”为基本原则(称为3R原则)的具有低开采、低投入、高利用、低排放特征的清洁生产道路,而不是普通的末端治理。     

立足循环经济新起点的现代生态农业发展对策思考

循环经济是现代生态农业的本质要求。本文通过回顾中国特色生态农业发展历程和特点,分析了循环经济在现代生态农业发展中的重要地位和作用,结合实际阐述了要抓住当今循环经济发展的机遇,加强对传统生态农业的改造与优化,促进现代生态农业的提升和转型的观点,并在此基础上提出了立足循环经济新起点的现代生态农业发展对策与措施。     

政府补贴下竞争型WEEE闭环供应链定价决策研究

针对由单个制造商和两个回收商组成的电子电器闭环供应链,考虑合格回收商与不合格回收商相互竞争,研究政府回收处理补贴及消费者渠道偏好对闭环供应链决策的影响。发现:竞争环境下,随着回收处理补贴的提高,合格回收商的竞争力随之增大;制造商、各回收商及系统利润均随着消费者对正规回收渠道偏好的提高而增加,政府应积极促进消费者对正规回收渠道的认知与接受度。     

Some results on bootstrap prediction intervals

We investigate the construction of a BC_a-type bootstrap procedure for setting approximate prediction intervals for an efficient estimator θ_m of a scalar parameter θ, based on a future sample of size m. The results are also extended to nonparametric situations, which can be used to form bootstrap prediction intervals for a large class of statistics. These intervals are transformation-respecting and range-preserving. The asymptotic performance of our procedure is assessed by allowing both the past and future sample sizes to tend to infinity. The resulting intervals are then shown to be second-order correct and second-order accurate. These second-order properties are established in terms of min(m, n), and not the past sample size n alone.     

Do bootstrap confidence procedures behave well uniformly in P?

An important statistical problem is to construct a confidence set for some functional T(P) of some unknown probability distribution P. Typically, this involves approximating the sampling distribution J_n(P) of some pivot based on a sample of size n from P. A bootstrap procedure is to estimate J_n(P) by J_n(&Pcirc;_n), where P?_n is the empirical measure based on a sample of size n from P. Typically, one has that J_n(P) and J_n(P?_n) are close in an appropriate sense. Two questions are addressed in this note. Are J_n(P) and J_n(P?_n) uniformly close as P varies as well? If so, do confidence statements about T(P) possess a corresponding uniformity property? In the case T(P) = P, the answer to the first questions is yes; the answer to the second is no. However, bootstrap confidence statements about T(P) can be made uniform over a restricted, though large, class of P. Similar results apply to other functional T(P).