《红楼梦》情节的"对照美"--以贾瑞挨整与薛蟠遭打的对照为个案

"犯而不犯"是明清人对"犯"与"避"这一对待性范畴的对立统一的辩证关系的界定,当时的小说评论家们充分地认识到了这一创作方法的审美功能.<红楼梦>中贾瑞挨整与薛蟠遭打这一对情节,也体现了这一对范畴的辩证关系,具有"对照"美.     

Deletion residuals in the detection of heterogeneity of variances in linear regression

The heterogeneity of error variance often causes a huge interpretive problem in linear regression analysis. Before taking any remedial measures we first need to detect this problem. A large number of diagnostic plots are now available in the literature for detecting heteroscedasticity of error variances. Among them the ‘residuals’ and ‘fits’ (R–F) plot is very popular and commonly used. In the R–F plot residuals are plotted against the fitted responses, where both these components are obtained using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. It is now evident that the OLS fits and residuals suffer a huge setback in the presence of unusual observations and hence the R–F plot may not exhibit the real scenario. The deletion residuals based on a data set free from all unusual cases should estimate the true errors in a better way than the OLS residuals. In this paper we propose ‘deletion residuals’ and the ‘deletion fits’ (DR–DF) plot for the detection of the heterogeneity of error variances in a linear regression model to get a more convincing and reliable graphical display. Examples show that this plot locates unusual observations more clearly than the R–F plot. The advantage of using deletion residuals in the detection of heteroscedasticity of error variance is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations under a variety of situations.     

云冈石窟佛经故事的艺术传播方式

云冈石窟雕刻是将佛经故事以石刻的形式表现出来的经典作品,在石窟中占有重要位置。本文拟从艺术传播学的角度,对其传播技巧和传播方法进行新视域的研究。     

Exact permutation inference for two sample repeated measures data

Experiments in which very few units are measured many times sometimes present particular difficulties. Interest often centers on simple location shifts between two treatment groups, but appropriate modeling of the error distribution can be challenging. For example, normality may be difficult to verify, or a single transformation stabilizing variance or improving normality for all units and all measurements may not exist. We propose an analysis of two sample repeated measures data based on the permutation distribution of units. This provides a distribution free alternative to standard analyses. The analysis includes testing, estimation and confidence intervals. By assuming a certain structure in the location shift model, the dimension of the problem is reduced by analyzing linear combinations of the marginal statistics. Recently proposed algorithms for computation of two sample permutation distributions, require only a few seconds for experiments having as many as 100 units and any number of repeated measures. The test has high asymptotic efficiency and good power with respect to tests based on the normal distribution. Since the computational burden is minimal, approximation of the permutation distribution is unnecessary.     

论《生死疲劳》的叙事策略

莫言仅用43天的时间就创作了近50万字的《生死疲劳》,其创作速度之快、文本之厚重、情节之复杂都令人惊奇。《生死疲劳》的成功与莫言独特的叙事策略密不可分,"六道轮回"的叙事模式、灵活多变的叙述视角以及怪诞传奇的叙事情节,不单是吸引读者的因素,更是文本构造的支柱。     

A simple method to obtain minimum aberration split-plot designs

ABSTRACT

Split-plot designs have been utilized in factorial experiments with some factors applied to larger units and others to smaller units. Such designs with low aberration are preferred when the experimental size and the number of factors considered in both whole plot and subplot are determined. The minimum aberration split-plot designs can be obtained using either computer algorithms or the exhausted search. In this article, we propose a simple, easy-to-operate approach by using two ordered sequences of columns from two orthogonal arrays in obtaining minimum aberration split-plot designs for experiments of sizes 16 and 32.     

被社会环境造就与造就社会环境——论小说中人物与社会环境关系的特殊形态

小说创作有三个要素：人物、情节、环境。小说中人物与环境的关系通常解释为：＂环境是人物展开交往和活动的具体场所。＂但在以著名历史人物为原型的小说中,人物与环境出现了复杂的情形,环境尤其是社会环境并不只是人物展开交往和活动的场所,还是人物性格形成的重要因素;著名历史人物对社会环境的改变也着极为重要的作用。《斯巴达克思》和《上尉的女儿》就是如此。     

当代文学史写作:方法、可能与限度--以洪子诚著《中国当代文学史》为中心

<中国当代文学史>作为"重写文学史"的重要成果,有着重大的学术价值和独立的学术品格.但它作为"历史中间物"也有着缺陷和不足在叙史过程中,"当代文学"的内涵从"话语形成"到"自然时空"的转换,使其"下编"止于浮泛评述;以"一体化"的实现和解体作为叙史情节结构和文学史观,既显示出史识的洞见,又对复杂的文学情境造成了一定的遮蔽.     

Robust estimation for ordinal regression

Ordinal regression is used for modelling an ordinal response variable as a function of some explanatory variables. The classical technique for estimating the unknown parameters of this model is Maximum Likelihood (ML). The lack of robustness of this estimator is formally shown by deriving its breakdown point and its influence function. To robustify the procedure, a weighting step is added to the Maximum Likelihood estimator, yielding an estimator with bounded influence function. We also show that the loss in efficiency due to the weighting step remains limited. A diagnostic plot based on the Weighted Maximum Likelihood estimator allows to detect outliers of different types in a single plot.     

论《二马》中的"陌生化"技巧

老舍在旅英期间写成的域外小说《二马》,讲述了来自"文明古国"的中国人在英国的一段饶有意味的生活故事。本文拟用俄国形式主义的"陌生化"理论对老舍的《二马》进行解读,认为在《二马》中,老舍对小说的语言、故事情节和叙事结构等进行了"陌生化"处理,从而使作品呈现出新奇陌生的艺术效果。