Children's Behavior Problems in Single-Parent and Married-Parent Families

Abstract

A model integrating prevailing perspectives on children's functioning following divorce was used to predict children's behavior problems. The data were collected from 30 custodial mothers, 30 custodial fathers, and 30 married parents with children 6 to 10 years of age, using face-to-face interviews and standardized questionnaires. Results using path analysis indicated that marital status and parental control had significant direct effects on children's behavior problems. Sex of parent, economic strain, co-parental conflict, coping with roles, and parenting indirectly influenced children's behavior through parental control. The findings suggest that the pressures inherent in raising a child alone, combined with too few resources for coping with role demands, are disruptive to both parenting and parental control, and that children in single-parent families appear to respond to these deficits with disruptive behaviors. Implications for family practice and policy are discussed.     

“花儿”演唱中美声唱法的运用

美声唱法作为当今世界最有影响的歌唱流派之一,已形成一套完整的、科学的发声体系,尤其在高音区的演唱上表现得更为突出。＂花儿＂歌手应通过掌握美声唱法科学的演唱技巧和发声方法,洋为中用,提高演唱水平,使＂花儿＂这一民族声乐艺术得到进一步发展。     

Bayesian variable selection with spherically symmetric priors

We propose that Bayesian variable selection for linear parametrizations with Gaussian iid likelihoods should be based on the spherical symmetry of the diagonalized parameter space. Our r-prior results in closed forms for the evidence for four examples, including the hyper-g prior and the Zellner–Siow prior, which are shown to be special cases. Scenarios of a single-variable dispersion parameter and of fixed dispersion are studied, and asymptotic forms comparable to the traditional information criteria are derived. A simulation exercise shows that model comparison based on our r-prior gives good results comparable to or better than current model comparison schemes.     

Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer in Comparative Welfare State Research

For many years, comparative welfare state research has followed a ‘methodological nationalism’ in the sense that countries were treated as independent units. Yet the recent ‘spatial turn’ in comparative politics has also influenced welfare state research. For some years now, the field has been witnessing a growing interest in questions about interdependencies and policy diffusion between countries. In this article, we provide a structured overview of the state of the art in the policy diffusion and transfer literature that deals specifically with social policy. We present and critically evaluate existing theoretical concepts and quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches that enable the analysis of interdependencies between countries. Moreover, we summarize the empirical findings of quantitative and qualitative studies on the diffusion and transfer of social policy, from some pioneering studies to the latest findings. Against this background we point out what we believe to be promising avenues for future research. We focus on five areas: theoretical work on the mechanisms underlying diffusion and transfer; methodological approaches; the impact of domestic institutions and policy characteristics on social policy diffusion and transfer; programme‐specific dynamics; and the systematic combination of horizontal and vertical interdependencies.     

Local Administrative Practice and AFDC Error in Maryland

Data from two Maryland AFDC quality control samples (n=2376) are joined with data from two surveys of local administrative practices to examine administrative correlates of error. Less error exists among cases processed by agencies that: 1) use checklists to simplify agency procedures, 2) use follow-up controls in conjunction with tickler files, 3) have in-house training to deal with earned income procedures, 4) provide training on reducing earned income errors, and 5) have less staff turnover. Surprisingly, the findings show client error to be more influenced by administrative practices than agency error, suggesting the distinction between the two may be misleading.     

Beliefs About Diet and Health:

Low income older women (N = 20) in South Carolina were recruited from congregate meal sites for qualitative interviews to assess beliefs about general health, physical functioning, and preventive health behaviors. A loosely structured interview guide of topics was used to encourage free expression of informants' ideas. The Ethnograph analysis package was used for data analysis. In response to open-ended questions, the women spontaneously shared their beliefs about diet and health. Implications for health promotion in rural areas are discussed.     

维纳归因理论在大学生思想政治教育中的运用

归因理论作为社会心理学中的重要概念和理论，对思想政治教育一直具有重要的借鉴作用。文章概述了维纳归因理论，分析其优点和不足，并在此基础上就如何在思想政治教育中正确运用维纳的归因理论提出了自己的看法和观点。     

试论"三个代表"与"人民代表"

"三个代表"是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源,也是新时期人大工作的指导思想."人民代表"(通称人大代表)是我国根本政治制度的基石和组成细胞,是实现"人民当家作主"和体现"一切权力属于人民"的社会主义民主的重要途径.在人大工作中,特别是在人民代表大会的代表制度建设中,落实"三个代表"的要求,是新时期所面临的新要求、新任务和新挑战.     

基于贝叶斯正则化的TDBPNN模型在中国外贸预报中的应用及评估

基于相空间重构的非线性预报思想,建立一个时滞的BP神经网络模型(TDBPNN),采用贝叶斯正则化方法提高BP网络的泛化能力,并将该模型应用于中国进出口贸易的预测,结果证明改进的TDBPNN模型具有较好的泛化能力,准确拟合了进出口贸易发展的历史值和趋势。区别于一般的预测评价,认为非线性预测不仅要注重数据拟合和精度改进,而且应该能够反映被预报系统的非线性特征。在分析模型预测精度的同时,通过计算拟合序列和原序列的非线性特征量进行模型评价,证实预测模型能够合理地“捕捉”到产生原序列的非线性系统的动力学特征。     

在国家创新系统内优化配置科技资源

科技资源、科技财力资源和科技人力资源是当今的“第一资源”. 因而如何优化配置科技 资源已成为决策者、管理者提高国家竞争力、企业竞争力的核心问题. 本文提出在“国家创新系 统”中优化配置科技资源的观点, 并从实践方面, 包括我国科研院所转制、中国科学院的知识创 新工程和科技中介机构建设等加以论证.