建国初期毛泽东人民政协思想的伟大意义

中国人民政治协商会议是中国共产党领导的统一战线组织.毛泽东不仅亲自组织、领导建立了人民政协,而且在长期领导和指导政协工作的过程中,科学地阐明了人民政协的性质、确立了人民政协的基本职能、培育了人民政协的优良作风.     

The cost of children: May the collective approach to household behavior help?

The collective approach to household consumption behavior tries to infer from variables supposed to affect the general bargaining position of household members information on the allocation of consumptions goods and tasks among them. This paper investigates the extension of previous work to the case where children may be considered as a public consumption good by the two adult members of a household. The main question being asked is whether it is possible to retrieve from the aggregate consumption behaviour of the household and the relative earnings of the parents information on the allocation of goods between them and children. This alternative approach to the estimation of the ‘cost of children’ is contrasted with the conventional approach based on a ‘unitary’ representation of and demographic separability assumptions on household consumption behaviour. Received: 29 August 1997/Accepted: 26 November 1998     

《寻金者》中自然和空间意象的生态隐喻

西方现代文明语境下物质主义导致的内心空虚和对人类永恒精神家园的追寻,是法国生态作家勒克莱齐奥始终关注的主题。他在小说《寻金者》中通过“寻金”主题的双重隐喻,表达了作家一贯对西方现代文明和物质主义的批判;对自然元素和空间意象的诗意描绘,以及对异域土著文明生态价值的关注,赋予了作家笔下的想象空间以神话般的象征色彩和深刻的生态隐喻意义,表达了作家非西方中心主义的文明观和对人类真正宝藏——人与自然和谐家园的追求。     

延安精神与中国先进文化的前进方向

延安精神形成于革命战争年代的延安时期。从文化的角度看,它是对中国优秀传统文化地批判继承和升华,体现了中国共产党与时俱进的风范。在新的历史条件下,我们党始终大力弘扬延安精神,把握先进文化的前进方向,使它成为我们建设中国特色社会主义事业的巨大精神力量。     

基于4C理论的旅游纪念品开发研究

对旅游纪念品开发过程中市场开发的程度及管理中面临的问题进行了研究,为提高旅游纪念品开发的有效性和针对性,紧密结合市场需求,基于营销4C理论,分析了旅游纪念品开发的核心要素,提出基于4C理论的旅游纪念品新的开发模式——从推式营销向拉式营销的转变,从产品为主导向消费者为主导转变,并充分发挥政府规划、设计创新、人才培养的支撑作用,打造有竞争力的具备明显区域特色的旅游纪念品。     

Measures of individual risk attitudes and portfolio choice: Evidence from pension participants

We use a large non-student sample to test how distinct measures of risk-attitudes relate to each other, to demographic characteristics and to real-life risk taking in the financial domain. These measures, namely the Bomb Risk Elicitation Task (BRET), self-reported willingness to take risks in general, the choice in a hypothetical lottery, the score in the Domain Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale, appear to be positively correlated and exhibit a certain degree of consistency. Furthermore, a subset of these measures is driven by similar demographic characteristics as such that males are more risk seeking and risk-aversion increases with age. Using extensive data on the retirement portfolios of the participants during the years 2008–2014, we find that all of these measures are positively correlated with the riskiness of individual portfolios. The self-reported willingness to take risks in general appears to be the most relevant measure in predicting actual risk-taking behavior.     

Noninformative priors for linear combinations of normal means with unequal variances

For normal populations with unequal variances, we develop matching priors and reference priors for a linear combination of the means. Here, we find three second-order matching priors: a highest posterior density (HPD) matching prior, a cumulative distribution function (CDF) matching prior, and a likelihood ratio (LR) matching prior. Furthermore, we show that the reference priors are all first-order matching priors, but that they do not satisfy the second-order matching criterion that establishes the symmetry and the unimodality of the posterior under the developed priors. The results of a simulation indicate that the second-order matching prior outperforms the reference priors in terms of matching the target coverage probabilities, in a frequentist sense. Finally, we compare the Bayesian credible intervals based on the developed priors with the confidence intervals derived from real data.     

Do people think about absolute or relative price differences when choosing between substitute goods?

The article presents experimental evidence that shows that people often consider relative price differences in addition to absolute differences when choosing between substitute goods. Because the choice between substitute goods is a very common one, this is an important finding. The experiment uses scenarios in various consumption categories: hotel rooms, flights, and books. Subjects were either students or participants in an economics conference. The data allow to reject the hypothesis that people think only about relative price differences in favor of the hypothesis that people think about both relative and absolute price differences. Whether the price given to the subjects is that of the high-quality good or of the low-quality good makes a large difference, a result that is related to the endowment effect and the status quo bias. Implications of the results for business strategy and other areas are also discussed.