企业超常业绩成因试析--基于资源能力观的经济租金理论解释

本文运用基于资源能力观的经济租金理论,对企业超常业绩问题进行了分析和阐述.与竞争优势概念相比,经济租金能够更清晰地界定企业业绩,揭示企业间存在的业绩差异.不同类型的经济租金,可以说明企业超常业绩产生所凭借内外条件的独特性.依据经济租金理论,还可对如何保持企业超常业绩的可持续性提出改进建议.     

Assessment of client/patient satisfaction: development of a general scale

The development and shaping of a general scale to assess client/patient satisfaction is reported. The scale, the CSQ, was constructed empirically by the authors. The CSQ is a response to several problems and issues that currently cloud the measurement of consumer satisfaction in health and human service systems. These problems and issues in assessing satisfaction are described. Finally, we present practical expriences to date in using the CSQ along with general psychometric qualities of the scale and correlations of CSQ results with client characteristics, service utilization, and service outcomes.     

Gamma-minimax results for the class of unimodal priors

Olman and Shmundak proved 1985 that in estimating a bounded normal mean under squared error loss the Bayes estimator with respect to the uniform distribution on the parameter interval is gamma-minimax when the parameter interval is sufficiently small and the class of priors consists of all symmetric and unimodal distributions. Recently, one of the authors showed that this result remains valid for quite general families of distributions which satisfy some regularity conditions. In the present paper a generalization to the class of unimodal priors with fixed mode is derived. It is proved that the Bayes estimator with respect to a suitable mixture of two uniform distributions is gamma-minimax for sufficiently small parameter intervals. To that end appropriate characterizations of a saddle point in the corresponding statistical games are established. Some results of a numerical study are presented.     

采样式多通道Gabor滤波对掌纹的特征提取和分类

掌纹识别已被证实为最方便和有效的身份识别方法之一。根据掌纹的性质提出了一种掌纹方向特征提取的新方法,该方法首先利用选取掌纹中最拟合椭圆的方法寻找感兴趣区域,然后利用适应人感官系统的多通道采样式Gabor滤波器进行滤波,并提出用根据掌纹纹理和方向特性动态选取Gabor滤波器参数的方法来设计滤波器。在滤波过程中,从不同分辨率入手,利用不同方向和宽度的滤波器分别对掌纹的主线、褶皱、嵴线进行提取,在极坐标系下用改进的环行方向投影算法计算块能量,并且进行编码。经过模糊C均值聚类方法验证,结果表明,该方法对于掌纹具有很强的识别能力。     

水杉种苗学研究的重要里程碑

胡先骕和郑万钧在20世纪40年代对水杉新种进行研究的同时,采集了种子寄给国内外树木园、植物园和试验林场进行引种研究。其中1948年春汪振儒在得到水杉后首先对水杉种苗进行了系统研究,并在1949年1月正式发表了《Observations on seed germination and seedling development of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu &; Cheng》（《水杉种子及幼苗发育观察》）一文。由于文章发表的时间正值北平解放,该刊发行较少,并为英文所写,解放后也没有被人引用而被遗忘。2002年,笔者开始对我国重要保护植物——水杉造林技术进行系统研究,找到此文并引用,同时也找到了在北京最早引种栽植的水杉,确认北京为世界上最早成功引种水杉的地点之一。笔者还对上文的作者进行了多次访问,并进行了有关文献的查阅和实地调查,上文不但是第一篇有关水杉种苗的研究论文,而且是在中华人民共和国成立之前较早采用林木种子、苗木质量指标（净度、千粒重、发芽率、发芽势和苗高、地径等）系统研究林木种苗的论文之一,调查还澄清了水杉在中国以及北京早期引种的一些误传。     

Partially adaptive estimation of nonlinear models via a normal mixture

This paper extends the partially adaptive method Phillips (1994) provided for linear models to nonlinear models. Asymptotic results are established under conditions general enough they cover both cross-sectional and time series applications. The sampling efficiency of the new estimator is illustrated in a small Monte Carlo study in which the parameters of an autoregressive moving average are estimated. The study indicates that, for non-normal distributions, the new estimator improves on the nonlinear least squares estimator in terms of efficiency.     

Analysis of one-way layout of count data in the presence of over or under dispersion

This article develops test statistics for the homogeneity of the means of several treatment groups of count data in the presence of over-dispersion or under-dispersion when there is no likelihood available. The C(α)$C(\alpha )$ or score type tests based on the models that are specified by only the first two moments of the counts are obtained using quasi-likelihood, extended quasi-likelihood, and double extended quasi-likelihood. Monte Carlo simulations are then used to study the comparative behavior of these C(α)$C(\alpha )$ statistics compared to the C(α)$C(\alpha )$ statistic based on a parametric model, namely, the negative binomial model, in terms of the following: size; power; robustness for departures from the data distribution as well as dispersion homogeneity. These simulations demonstrate that the C(α)$C(\alpha )$ statistic based on the double extended quasi-likelihood holds the nominal size at the 5% level well in all data situations, and it shows some edge in power over the other statistics, and, in particular, it performs much better than the commonly used statistic based on the quasi-likelihood. This C(α)$C(\alpha )$ statistic also shows robustness for moderate heterogeneity due to dispersion. Finally, applications to ecological, toxicological and biological data are given.     

A simple test on the convergence of social security transfer in OECD countries

The growing trend toward globalization not only has aggravated international competition but also has increased interdependence among countries, inducing the need for harmonization and convergence of socioeconomic policies across countries. This paper examines whether the convergence phenomenon holds for social security transfers as a percentage of GDP in OECD countries, applying the traditional methodology of σ- and β-convergence.