伊斯兰民主协商制度探析

在丰富多彩的民主概念、民主制度中 ,伊斯兰民主政治的主要表现形式、阿拉伯语读作“舒拉” (shura)的伊斯兰协商制度尤其观点鲜明 ,独具特色。它以伊斯兰原则与精神为指导方针和价值取向 ,对伊斯兰世界的社会、政治生活有着极其重要的影响。本文主要从理论根据、范围形式、协商结果等方面论述了这一制度。     

对可持续发展的伦理思考

可持续发展是人类为了克服一系列环境、经济和社会问题 ,特别是全球性的环境污染和广泛的生态破坏 ,以及它们之间关系失衡所作出的理性抉择。可持续发展包括生态、经济和社会三方面的发展 ,本文试从这三方面对可持续发展作一探讨 ,从而在伦理上给人们树立一种新的价值导向     

湖南省城市等级体系分析

在一个国家或者区域，因城市所处的内外条件不同会形成城市间不同的职能分工，同时也形成不同的城市规模。利用湖南各市的人口数据，讨论湖南省的城市人口规模体系及分布特征，表明湖南省城市规模呈现相对均衡的等级分布，并分析其首位度不高的形成原因。为了提高城市体系的整体实力，湖南提出了长株潭一体化和“3＋5”城市群的发展策略。     

Release of Report on Development of Financial Assistance to Chinese Students in 2013

正On the morning of August 26,2014,Ministry of Education held a press conference to release the Report on Development of Financial Assistance to Chinese Students in 2013,which summed up the progress of fi nancial assistance to students in the past year.Total amount of financial assistance in 2013 increased 5%comparing to 2012.In 2013,students in preschool education(early childhood),compulsory education,     

Long maternal working hours were linked to obesity,underweight and stunting in children under age 5 in China

This study assessed the relationship between maternal working hours and stunting, underweight and obesity in children under age 5 in China, using data from the China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) conducted in 2002 and multivariable logistic regression. We found that maternal work hours 25–40 or >40 h per week were associated with a higher risk for underweight and stunting (under growth) in children under age 5. The association between working 25–40 h per week and stunting was somewhat stronger for children from low-income families and the effect of working >40 h per week on underweight was larger among children from mothers with lower education, although with marginal significance (90% confidence). In contrast, we found that long maternal work hours (>40 h per week) were associated with a lower risk for overweight and obesity in children under age 5. This association was stronger among children from mothers with lower education.     

多功能实时时钟

早期RTC产品实质是一个带有计算机通讯口的分频器。它通过对晶振所产生的振荡频率分频和累加,得到年、月、日、时、分、秒等时间信息并通过计算机通讯口送入处理器处理。新一代RTC,它采用特殊CMOS工艺;功耗大为降低,典型值约0.5μA以下,更加入了复合功能,如低电压检测,主备用电池切换功能,抗印制板漏电功能,且本身封装更小(高度0.85mm,面积仅为2mm*2mm),如RICOH公司的代表产品R2051。它的研究方法和相关理论也较以前有许多不同。     

国有企业改制中国有资产流失的原因分析及法律对策

国企改制中的国有资产流失可分为两个阶段 ,一是在改制过程中由于低估、折股造成的损失 ,二是在改制后国有股运营中造成的利益损失。流失的主要原因是没有健全国有资产监管体制 ,资产评估不依法规范进行以及国有股不能上市流通。遏制国有资产流失主要在于尽快完善国有资产运管体制 ,严格规范资产评估行为 ,尽快实现国有股上市流通     

Using statistical techniques to detect fraud: a test case

In an experiment to test the effectiveness of statistical measures in detecting fraud, three physicians fabricated scores on the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) for a number of subjects in three sites. The fabricated data were then planted among MADRS data from 18 genuine sites. A statistician blinded as to the identity and quantity of the fabricated data attempted to detect the ‘fraudulent’ data by searching for unusual means and correlations. One of the three fabricated sites was correctly identified, and one genuine site was incorrectly identified as a potential fabrication. In addition, inlying and/or outlying means and correlations found in the genuine data suggested the possibility of using statistical checks for unusual data early in a study so that sites with unusual patterns could be prioritized for monitoring, training and, if necessary, auditing. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Ehrenberg law-like relationship and anthropometry

Summary. Ehrenberg presented the simple law-like relationship log( w )=0.8 h  + 0.4 ± 0.04 between the weight and height of children aged 5–13 years. Several researchers have confirmed that this relationship holds, irrespective of the child's ethnic, racial, gender and social class. In anthropometry, a weight–height relationship is used to measure the nutritional status of children. For this purpose, the World Health Organization have adopted the National Center for Health Statistics population as the international reference population. The relationship between the World Health Organization–National Center for Health Statistics anthropometric standards and Ehrenberg law-like relationship is examined. Differences between the weight-for-height relationship in anthropometry and the law-like relationship between weight and height for children are small and can be attributable to functional differences. It is found that an Ehrenberg law-like relationship can be extended to include children who are under 5 years old. Criteria for using the law-like relationship to assess the nutritional status of these children are thus suggested. The criteria are evaluated using anthropometric data of a sample of 513 children from a rural district of Botswana. The results indicate that the proposed method of using the law-like relationship to assess nutritional status is much simpler and at least as reliable as the existing methods in anthropometry.     

Choice of reinforcement rates and work rates with concurrent schedules

A constrained optimisation theory or choice in concurrent schedules of reinforcement is presented. The theory posits that subjects evaluate both reinforcement rates and the work rates required to produce them and select the most highly valued combination. The chosen reinforcement rate is obtained by efficiently allocating work rate across schedules. The theory provides a unified explanation for maximisation of the overall reinforcement rate, the law of least effort, choice under Conc FR FR, Conc VR VR. Conc VI VI and Conc VI VR schedules, and choice of work rate.