冷战后日美同盟的强化——以联合军事演习为视角

日美联合军事演习的发展演变,体现出冷战后日美同盟的强化:作用范围扩大化、军事合作一体化、战略地位中心化、地区威慑强势化.     

普通高校大学生体育锻炼态度影响因素的调查研究——以长沙市大学生为例

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数据统计法等,对长沙市普通高校大学生体育锻炼态度进行调查研究,结果表明：1.大学生的锻炼态度表现在八个维度的得分上都比较高,说明长沙市普通高校大学生体育锻炼态度普遍良好。2.大学生的体育锻炼态度受性别差异的影响因素,男生的体育锻炼态度普遍比女生要强。3.体育锻炼态度很大程度上影响了锻炼者的锻炼行为,而其锻炼行为又影响了体育成绩。     

古汉养生精对运动小鼠血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原含量影响的实验研究

研究古汉养生精对运动小鼠力竭运动时间、血糖、肝糖原、肌糖原含量的影响.4周龄昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组、运动组、古汉养生精组.运动组和古汉养生精组进行4周的游泳训练,最后一次进行力竭游泳后采用心脏取血,肝素抗凝,测定血糖含量.取肝组织和后肢肌肉测定肝糖原、肌糖原含量.实验4周后,古汉养生精组力竭时间明显延长(P＜0.01),血糖浓度、肝糖原(LG)和肌糖原(MG)含量均高于运动组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);古汉养生精组血糖浓度、LG和MG含量与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结果表明,服用古汉养生精具有延长小鼠力竭运动时间和增加能源贮备的作用.     

白藜芦醇对耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力的影响

研究白藜芦醇对耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力和线粒体游离钙含量的影响．选用昆明小鼠,根据体重将72只小鼠随机分为三组：A组为安静对照组;B组为耐力训练组;C组为耐力训练＋白藜芦醇组．C组小鼠每日给予白藜芦醇10mg／kg灌胃,与B组共同进行6w递增负荷游泳训练,再进行力竭游泳实验．力竭游泳后24h处死小鼠取材,测定小鼠骨骼肌、心脏、胸腺,脾脏、肾脏、肝脏线粒体和红细胞SOD、GSH-Px活性及MDA含量。以及肝脏线粒体游离钙的含量．6w递增负荷耐力训练后,B组小鼠骨骼肌、心肌、肝脏线粒体、脾脏、胸腺和红细胞SOD活性,心肌、脾脏和红细胞的GSH—Px活性均显著低于A组（P〈0．05）,同时骨骼肌、肝脏线粒体、脾脏和红细胞的MDA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）。肝脏线粒体游离钙含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）;白藜芦醇干预使C组小鼠骨骼肌、肝脏线粒体和脾脏SOD活性,骨骼肌和心肌的GSH—Px活性显著高于B组（P〈0．05）,同时骨骼肌、肝脏线粒体、胸腺和红细胞的MDA含量显著低于B组（P〈0．05）;肝脏线粒体游离钙含量显著低于B组（P〈0．05）．提示白藜芦醇一定程度上能提高耐力训练小鼠抗氧化能力,维持线粒体游离钙含量在正常水平,具有延缓运动性疲劳发生的作用．     

大鼠离心运动后骨骼肌微细损伤机制的研究

本研究观察骨骼肌组织形态、超微结构和细胞骨架中间丝蛋白(结蛋白和波形蛋白)免疫染色、以及血清酶(CK和LDH)的时相变化特点,从亚细胞水平探讨离心运动后骨骼肌微细损伤发生的机制.雄性SD大鼠以20±1 m/min的速度,坡度为_16°,持续性跑台训练120 min,分别在运动后0 h、12 h2、4 h和48 h等不同时间处死、取材、测试.大鼠离心运动后骨骼肌组织形态学和超微结构均发生不同程度的变化;而细胞骨架结蛋白免疫染色出现不同程度的丢失;波形蛋白免疫染色出现不同程度的增加;运动后血清CK和LDH水平显著升高,CK在运动后即刻出现峰值,而LDH在运动后12 h出现峰值.     

运动对大鼠骨量和力学性能影响的相关分析

探讨运动对去卵巢大鼠腰椎骨量和生物力学性能指标影响的关系.72只3月龄雌性SD大鼠去卵巢分成:正常对照组(SHAM)、骨质疏松对照组(OVX)、雌激素对照组(OVX ES)、低强度运动组(OVX EX1)、低强度运动加雌激素组(OVX EX1 ES)、中等强度运动组(OVX EX2)、中等强度运动加雌激素组(OVX EX2 ES)、大强度运动组(OVX EX3)、大强度运动加雌激素组(OVX EX3 ES),研究8周的1 h/d,5 d/w,低强度(8 m/min)、中等强度(18 m/min)和大强度(28 m/min)跑台运动,测定大鼠第4腰椎(L4)松质骨骨量、第2腰椎(L2)和第3腰椎(L3)的生物力学性能并分析指标之间的相关性.结果显示(1)腰椎力学指标与腰椎的骨小梁面积百分比(%TB.AR)和骨小梁厚度(TB.TH)成线性正相关,与骨小梁分离度(TB.SP)成线性负相关.(2)运动强度与去卵巢未补充雌激素组骨量指标显示了正或负线性相关关系,而与去卵巢后补充雌激素组的骨量指标间无相关关系.(3)去卵巢后未补充雌激素组的运动强度与两项力学指标值均有线性正相关关系;去卵巢后补充雌激素组的运动强度与L3最大压缩载荷成线性正相关关系.运动对于骨骼力学结构产生良好的作用,优于运动对于骨量产生的作用.     

Variance estimation for the 2006 French housing survey

In the 2006 French housing survey, information is collected on many aspects of housing to describe the housing stock in France and the housing conditions of French households. The basic national sample results from a multistage sampling design. Complementary samples were selected to perform accurate estimations for socio-demographic domains. Some French regions proceeded to a regional and local extension of the national sample. The variance is estimated for a region with a regional and local extension of the basic national sample.     

Association Fellows' Luncheon Address: Maintaining Purpose in a Changing Environment

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the motivational factors and the barriers to physical activity (PA) in traditional college students (TS) and nontraditional college students (NTS) and determine if differences exist between these 2 groups. Participants: A total of 746 college students; 628 were TS (19.1 ± 1.2 years), and 118 were NTS (31.2 ± 8.6 years). Methods: In fall 2010, students voluntarily completed a demographic questionnaire, Barriers to Being Active Quiz, and Exercise Motivations Inventory–2 (EMI-2). Results: EMI-2 revealed that TS and NTS differed on 8 of the 14 motivational factors for exercise. There was a significant difference between TS and NTS for the following barriers: fear of injury (p = .001), lack of resources (p = .017), and lack of skill (p = .003). Conclusion: Based on these findings, interventions can be developed for the varied needs of a diverse student population as it pertains to PA participation.     

Soy protein based supplementation supports metabolic effects of resistance training in previously untrained middle aged males

Abstract

Objective.?To determine changes in body composition, physical performance, metabolic and hormonal parameters induced by lifestyle counselling, resistance training and resistance training with soy protein based supplemention in middle aged males.

Design.?Randomised controlled study consisting of resistance training without (RT-G) or with (RTS-G) a soy protein based supplement and a control group with lifestyle education only (LE-G).

Subjects.?Forty healthy middle aged men (50–65 years, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m²).

Measurements.?Changes in body weight (BW) and waist circumference (WC) were measured and body composition (BC), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM) were measured by skin fold anthropometry at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. In addition, changes in physical fitness, metabolic and hormonal parameters (lipids, glucose, fructosamines, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1, Leptin, human growth hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, hs-CRP, Il-6) were evaluated.

Results.?Thirty-five participants completed the 12 week study. No significant changes in BW were noted although RM and WC dropped and LBM increased after training, particularly in the RTS group (FM 22.6?±?5.5?kg to 21.2?±?4.7?kg; LBM 68.5?±?7.2?kg to 70.1?±?7.4; p?<?0.01). Subjects in the RTS group experienced more pronounced improvements in the strength measurements than the RT group. After the training intervention there were significant changes in hormonal and metabolic parameters as well as in glycemic control, particularly in the RTS group.

Conclusions.?Our data suggest that resistance training, particularly in combination with a soy protein based supplement improves body composition and metabolic function in middle aged untrained and moderately overweight males.