Physical Activity as a Helpful Adjunct to Substance Abuse Treatment

ABSTRACT

While limited research exists on the topic of physical activity as an adjunct to substance abuse treatment, a review of relevant multidisciplinary literature indicates a logical rationale for its potential benefits to recovery from addiction. This article provides an overview of common variables that contribute to addictive disease and summarizes the relationship of regular physical activity to improvements on many of these variables. The stages of change from the Transtheoretical Model (TTM, Prochaska & DiClemente, 1982; Prochaska & Velicer, 1997) are described in the context of effectively matching clients in substance abuse therapy to interventions that may include physical activity. Finally, important practical suggestions for implementing physical activity as a useful adjunct to substance abuse treatment are provided.     

基于激励机制的指数化股票期权模型及其应用

股票期权的激励作用受到股市有效性的很大影响,股市的弱有效性使得经理层股票期权的收益发生扭曲。本文介绍了建立在基准指数基础上的指数化股票期权模型,分析了该模型的假设条件和约定价格的构造原理,并采用实例对指数化模型的定价效果进行了验证。     

Physical exercise,employee fitness and the management of health at work

Abstract

This paper presents some recent data on why organizations invest in exercise and physical fitness programmes for their stiff. These data suggest that, owing to a lack of evaluation studies, organizations act mainly on the basis of assumption and belief. However, from a subsequent review of the available literature on the personal and organizational effects of such programmes, it appears that these assumptions and beliefs are not altogether unfounded. The paper concludes by discussing the ways in which exercise and employee fitness programmes might help die individual and their organization in terms of the management of health at work.     

Weight Loss Practices and Body Weight Perceptions Among US College Students

Objective: The authors assessed associations between body weight perception and weight loss strategies. Participants: They randomly selected male and female college students (N = 38,204). Methods: The authors conducted a secondary data analysis of the rates of weight loss strategies and body weight perception among students who completed the National College Health Assessment survey. Results: Half of respondents (50%) were trying to lose weight, although only 28% of students were overweight or obese. Also, 12% of respondents had inaccurate body weight perception. Women and men with inaccurate body weight perception were significantly more likely to engage in inappropriate weight loss strategies than were those with accurate body weight perception. Of all students attempting to lose weight, 38% used both diet and exercise. Conclusions: These data show that college students are interested in weight loss and that body weight perception plays an important role in the desire to lose weight.     

Bootstrap confidence regions computed from autoregressions of arbitrary order

Given a linear time series, e.g. an autoregression of infinite order, we may construct a finite order approximation and use that as the basis for confidence regions. The sieve or autoregressive bootstrap, as this method is often called, is generally seen as a competitor with the better-understood block bootstrap approach. However, in the present paper we argue that, for linear time series, the sieve bootstrap has significantly better performance than blocking methods and offers a wider range of opportunities. In particular, since it does not corrupt second-order properties then it may be used in a double-bootstrap form, with the second bootstrap application being employed to calibrate a basic percentile method confidence interval. This approach confers second-order accuracy without the need to estimate variance. That offers substantial benefits, since variances of statistics based on time series can be difficult to estimate reliably, and—partly because of the relatively small amount of information contained in a dependent process—are notorious for causing problems when used to Studentize. Other advantages of the sieve bootstrap include considerably greater robustness against variations in the choice of the tuning parameter, here equal to the autoregressive order, and the fact that, in contradistinction to the case of the block bootstrap, the percentile t version of the sieve bootstrap may be based on the 'raw' estimator of standard error. In the process of establishing these properties we show that the sieve bootstrap is second order correct.     

“多元整合”程序教法在球类教学中的运用研究

通过教学试验，研究了“多元整合”程序教法在球类教学中的运用效果，结果表明：“多元整合”程序教法以整合练习带单项技术，符合球类技术的掌握规律和学生的学习心理。     

普通高校学生健身运动处方及效果的分析

通过12周的教学实验对比，跟踪研究与分析，探讨了健身运动处方对大学生体育锻炼效果的影响。结果表明：实验前后男（女）1000m（800m）、肺活量、台阶指数指标均有显著性差异，说明在高校体育课程改革中，实施健身运动处方是可行的、有效的，能够满足大学生体育锻炼的个性化的需求。     

形成权的行使与限制探讨

形成权的权利特征在于单方行使即可发生法律效力，形成权的行使依其条件的不同，会对相对人造成多重影响，也动摇了双方法律关系的稳定性。论文从维护社会法治秩序的角度考虑，提出应在形成权行使的方式特征和结果效力上进行必要的限制，使形成权的行使合理化、规范化。     

论防止知识产权滥用的制度理念(英文)

对知识产权滥用的认识,应当构建在清晰梳理知识产权行使行为与知识产权滥用行为之关系的基础上。它们两者之间虽有联系,但决然不能简单等同,因为超越知识产权权利范围行使权利的行为不是滥用行为,知识产权垄断行使行为是否构成滥用需要依其是否具有正当性而做出判断,知识产权不当行使行为与滥用行为有着本质不同。防止知识产权滥用,需要制度理性的思考。防止知识产权滥用的制度理念,一是在法律正义的基础上解决知识产权的利益冲突,对利益冲突与法律正义作出正确的判断,在利益实现与秩序安全之间寻找衡平点;二是在私权基础上关注知识产权的社会功能。现代社会不仅需要高扬私权保护的旗帜,也需要更多地关注权利的社会功能,尤其需要关注社会发展与知识产权社会功能的强化之间的关系。     

普通高校学生健身运动处方及效果的分析

通过12周的教学实验对比，跟踪研究与分析，探讨了健身运动处方对大学生体育锻炼效果的影响。结果表明：实验前后男（女）1000m（800m）、肺活量、台阶指数指标均有显著性差异，说明在高校体育课程改革中，实施健身运动处方是可行的、有效的，能够满足大学生体育锻炼的个性化的需求。