太极拳和健美操锻炼对身体自我概念的影响

目的:探讨不同锻炼方式的体育锻炼对身体自我的影响,为进行不同方式的身体锻炼提供理论指导。方法:通过问卷调查,对不同方式的锻炼进行独立样本T检验。结果:男生比女生有更多积极的身体自我概念,太极拳比健美操锻炼者有更多积极的身体自我概念。结论:为了促进太极运动的推广,有必要对进行长期的追踪研究。     

Testing Multiple Forecasters

We consider a cross‐calibration test of predictions by multiple potential experts in a stochastic environment. This test checks whether each expert is calibrated conditional on the predictions made by other experts. We show that this test is good in the sense that a true expert—one informed of the true distribution of the process—is guaranteed to pass the test no matter what the other potential experts do, and false experts will fail the test on all but a small (category I) set of true distributions. Furthermore, even when there is no true expert present, a test similar to cross‐calibration cannot be simultaneously manipulated by multiple false experts, but at the cost of failing some true experts.     

Pilot Testing a Cognitive-Behavioral Protocol on Psychosocial Predictors of Exercise,Nutrition, Weight,and Body Satisfaction Changes in a College-Level Health-Related Fitness Course

Abstract

Objective: Small-scale pilot testing of supplementing a required college health-related fitness course with a cognitive-behavioral exercise-support protocol (The Coach Approach). Participants: Three classes were randomly assigned to Usual processes (n = 32), Coach Approach–supplemented: Mid-size Groups (n = 32), and Coach Approach–supplemented: Small Groups (n = 34) conditions. Methods: Repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) assessed overall and between-class changes in the behavioral/physiological factors of exercise, fruit/vegetable intake, and body mass index (BMI); and the psychosocial factors of self-regulation, exercise self-efficacy, mood, and body satisfaction. Dependent t tests evaluated within-class changes. Multiple regression analyses tested prediction of exercise by changes in self-regulation, self-efficacy, and mood. Results: Significant improvements in self-regulation and fruit/vegetable intake were found in all classes. The Coach Approach–supplemented classes demonstrated significant increases in exercise. Significant improvements in BMI, self-efficacy, and body satisfaction were found in only The Coach Approach–supplemented: Small Groups class. Psychosocial changes predicted increased exercise. Self-regulation was the strongest contributor. Conclusions: Overall, results were positive and warrant more comprehensive testing.     

Stages of Change Among Ethnically Diverse College Students

Abstract

The authors applied the stage-of-change construct in the transtheoretical model to examine the distribution of Asian (n = 869), African American (n = 373), White (n = 1322), and Hispanic (n = 535) American undergraduate students across the 5 stages of change for exercise. Stage of change varied as a function of ethnicity. Higher percentages of minorities were in the precontemplation and contemplation stages. The likelihood of being in these stages was from 43% to 82% greater for minorities than for White students. Also examined were the congruency between stage of change and self-reported levels of physical activity. Half of the sedentary students and 15.6% of the active students were misclassified by the stage-of-change procedure. Misclassification rates were higher for minority women (27.8%) than for White women (17.8%) and for Asian students (24.6%) compared with all others (20.6%). The results of this study have implications for the design of physical activity interventions based on stage of change.     

Mindfulness and health behaviors in college students: The moderating role of sleep

Abstract

Objective: To examine the moderating effects of subjective sleep quality (SSQ) and sleep duration on the relationships between mindfulness and health behaviors (i.e. nutrition and exercise) among undergraduate students. The unique influence of the five facets (i.e. factors) of mindfulness (i.e. observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonreactivity to inner experience and nonjudging of inner experience) on students’ health behaviors was also explored. Participants: Three hundred fifty seven undergraduate students enrolled in U.S. colleges. Methods: Students completed an online survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine whether SSQ moderated the relationship between mindfulness and nutrition behavior. Results: SSQ moderated the relationship between mindfulness and nutrition behavior. The observe facet of mindfulness was the most predictive of nutrition behavior, whereas the observe and describe facets were the most predictive of exercise behavior. Conclusions: Interventions that target mindfulness and sleep quality may help promote healthy eating and increased exercise engagement in college students.     

Alzheimer's Disease and Older Women

The graying of America suggests that dementia will become "the epidemic of the 21st century." First described in 1907, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) accounts for an estimated two-thirds of all dementia. AD currently has no cure, thus causing a major drain on health care and family resources. Compared to men, women are uniquely affected by AD due to their gender-associated increased risk, longer life span, and roles as caregivers within families and institutions. Living successfully with dementia requires medical and behavioral interventions to manage disruptive symptoms, knowledge to optimize environmental conditions, and caregiver support and savvy to avoid burnout. Strategies for maximizing functioning in older women living with AD are provided.     

8周指定强度训练对不经常锻炼女生强度-情绪反应的影响

29名不经常锻炼女大学生被随机分成2个实验组和1个对照组,采用RPE生成强度方案,实验组分别以RPE=11和RPE=16的强度训练8周,对照组自由活动,训练前和训练后3组被试均参加10min RPE生成强度运动,运动中3、6、9min及运动后5min自述主观运动体验,以检验不同指定强度训练对不经常锻炼者强度-感情反应的影响.结果显示,积极良好状态有组别主效应和强度×时间交互作用,无训练效应.心理苦恼有测试×强度×时间×组别交互作用.疲劳有测试×强度×组别、测试×强度×时间与强度×时间×组别的交互作用.研究暗示更高强度的健身训练使不经常锻炼者强度-情绪反应的变化更积极.     

中国传统哲学与中医导引五禽戏发展探源

中医导引在阴阳五行等哲学背景中诞生,基本框架在西汉以前就已形成,但在儒学取得支配地位后,导引在理论发展上几乎没有质的突破,只是应用的推广、经验的积累,出现理论与社会应用的不平衡现象。中医导引五禽戏本是在中国传统哲学文化背景中孕育、发展的,应重视这一文化推力,否则中医导引五禽戏只是一种具体动作,将成为无源之水,失去应有活力。     

我国高校学生缺乏运动的不健康行为研究综述

目前,我国高校大学生参加体育运动的状况不容乐观,女生问题尤其严重。分析其原因主要是学习忙、没时间,缺乏兴趣和不知如何锻炼,缺乏运动场地、设施和器材,缺乏组织或无人相伴。这种分析多停留在一种描述性的表层横向分析上,缺乏从社会学、心理学、运动学等多视角对大学生的心理、生理和社会因素进行深层次的纵向剖析。针对大学生体育锻炼存在的问题及产生原因,学者们提出了许多相应的对策和建议。     

摄像机标定算法研究

文章在Heikkil方法的基础上,研究了另外一种确定模板参考点圆心在像平面上对应像点的方法,然后根据这些点对来标定摄像系统.