Competitive supply chain network design: An overview of classifications,models, solution techniques and applications

Supply chain network design (SCND) determines the structure of a chain and affects its costs and performance. SCND deals with a variety of decisions such as determining number, size and location of facilities in a supply chain (SC) and may include tactical decisions (such as distribution, transportation and inventory management policies) as well as operational decisions (such as fulfilling customers demand). SCND has a voluminous literature. Most of the literature deals with a single SC and ignores the existing competitor SCs and future emerging ones. However, SCs compete together to capture more market shares. Even if there is not any competitor at the moment, SCs should be prepared for possible future competitive situation at the SCND stage. On the other hand, many competitive models assume that the supply chain network (SCN) and its structure already exist. Few research papers consider both aspects of design and competition. In this paper, we provide a review of SCND literature and highlight the effects of competitive environment on SCND. We review, classify, and introduce the major features of the proposed models in both SCND and competition literature. After investigating proposed competitive SCND models we develop a general framework for modeling the competitive SCND problems considering managerial insight and propose potential areas for future research.     

Mapping ‘the ANT multiple’: A comparative,critical and reflexive analysis

Despite decades of development, Actor‐Network Theory (ANT) continues to be characterized by a good deal of ambiguities and internal tensions. This situation has led to a suggestion that instead of one ANT it may be meaningful to speak of ‘the ANT multiple’. Following this line of reasoning, this article aims to create a map of the variety of positions riding under the ANT banner. Based on an in‐depth reading of ANT literature, seven different interpretations of ANT are identified and subjected to critical analysis while accommodating for the concerns of ANT proponents about the way ANT has been previously criticized. The results of the analysis serve to increase the reflexivity of both sides of the debate about their underlying assumptions, and provide suggestions how ANT could be employed, developed and criticized more productively in the future.     

Ethnic segregation of friendship networks in school: Testing a rational-choice argument of differences in ethnic homophily between classroom- and grade-level networks

Adolescents’ school-based friendship networks tend to be segregated along ethnic lines. But few studies have examined whether variation in network boundaries affects the degree of ethnic friendship segregation. We use rational-choice theory to argue that ethnic homophily is more pronounced for friendships between classrooms than for those within classrooms. We empirically test this hypothesis using two-wave German panel data (N = 1258) and stochastic actor-oriented models (RSiena). In line with our theoretical argument, we find that the tendency to form same-ethnic friendships is indeed stronger at the grade level, which translates into stronger ethnic segregation in friendship networks at the grade level than at the classroom level. Implications for research on ethnic segregation in school-based friendship networks are discussed.     

How social exclusion distorts social network perceptions

In two studies we investigate whether social exclusion—a well-studied, common and quite painful social experience-influences people's perceptions of novel social networks. In a first study, exclusion experiences led people to report that novel networks were more dense relative to those who had not been excluded. As predicted, this was true only for social networks; exclusion had no impact on perceptions when networks were described as geographical. In a follow-up experiment, participants watched a custom-created video, depicting avatars interacting in social scenes and they were asked to report the ties among the avatars in the video. Exclusion experiences led people to see network ties where none exist (i.e., false positives), though there was no effect for exclusion (versus inclusion) on reports of false negatives. Results indicate that common social experiences systematically shape network perceptions, leading people to seeing novel social networks as more densely connected than they are.     

网络环境对基层社会矛盾的影响探讨

现阶段基层社会矛盾表现出新的特点,特别是网络环境对基层社会矛盾产生重要影响,表现为:网络扩散放大了改革中的利益格局失衡、集体无意识、群体极化倾向、网民狂欢心理、互联网对司法的影响、网络中的去个性化行为等不同方面。针对这些不良影响提出了降低网络环境对基层社会矛盾影响的对策和网络环境下实现对基层有效管理的对策,对于化解基层社会矛盾和社会冲突,保证国家长治久安和构建和谐社会具有十分重要的意义。     

基于博客的大学生网络素养教育策略研究

随着人类社会信息化进程的加快,互联网对当代大学生的价值观念和思维方式产生了越来越大的冲击,给高校思想政治教育工作带来了严峻的挑战。通过剖析博客这一网络信息交互平台在高校大学生网络素养教育中的重要作用,探讨利用博客加强和改进高校大学生网络素养教育工作的有效途径。     

社交网的远程学习应用研究

随着计算机互联网技术飞速发展,基于互联网技术的远程学习形式层出不穷,探索提高远程学习质量的适宜远程学习的技术手段方兴未艾。通过对国内外有关远程学习理论及技术的阐述及相关调研、对社交网相关技术和应用进行分析,构建了基于SNS技术的远程学习新形式。借助SNS技术提高学习的兴趣,进而改善远程教育的交互,还可应用于日校的辅助教学、培训等领域。     

正常和癌症血清的红外光谱研究

本文用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)研究了18例癌症血清及正常血清的红外光谱。通过血清的红外光谱,分析了血清中基团的吸收峰的强度变化以及吸收峰之间强度的比值变化。通过这些分析发现,正常血清和癌症血清内的蛋白质、核酸以及脂类的相对含量发生了明显的变化,而且癌症血清内核酸的结构以及蛋白质的二级结构都发生了改变。因此,血清红外的测试可以作为医学癌症诊断上的一种辅助手段。     

中国商贸物流企业海外物流节点选择策略研究

基于国家节点的拓扑结构和经济属性,构建"一带一路"沿线国家的拓扑重要性与经济重要性评价指标体系,运用熵权-TOPSIS法对国家节点的重要性进行综合评估。研究表明:俄罗斯、印度、马来西亚、新加坡、阿联酋等国的拓扑重要性与经济重要性排名均靠前,地理位置与战略地位十分重要,投资与建设环境稳定,是我国商贸物流企业"走出去"优先选择的投资建设重点;哈萨克斯坦、蒙古、塞尔维亚、老挝等国,拓扑重要性排名靠后,其物流市场和基础设施建设空间很大,是潜在的投资建设区域;伊拉克、阿富汗、巴勒斯坦等国拓扑重要性与经济重要性排名均靠后,地缘政治复杂,投资与营商环境不稳定,有着较高的投资建设风险。