对电子期刊的理性思考

根据电子期刊的发展概况,理性地分析了电子期刊相对于印刷型期刊的优势和不足,论证了电子型期刊与印刷型期刊长期并存的观点。     

妇女信息系统建设探讨

根据国家计生委关于计生系统信息化建设的要求和全国建设妇女信息系统 (WIS)的现实条件 ,提出了利用分布式数据库和计算机网络等技术 ,建立一个从国家到基层乡镇都可实现数据集中与共享的新型WIS建设方案 ,并具体探讨了该系统的构成、运行机制、软件选择以及系统建设的几项重要工作。     

The Topology of Central Counterparty Clearing Networks and Network Stability

□ This paper derives a measure of central counterparty (CCP) clearing-network risk that is based on the probability that the maximum exposure (the N-th order statistic) of a CCP to an individual general clearing member is large. Our analytical derivation of this probability uses the theory of Laplace asymptotics, which is related to the large deviations theory of rare events. The theory of Laplace asymptotics is an area of applied probability that studies the exponential decay rate of certain probabilities and is often used in the analysis of the tails of probability distributions. We show that the maximum-exposure probability depends on the topology, or structure, of the clearing network. We also derive a CCP's Maximum-Exposure-at-Risk, which provides a metric for evaluating the adequacy of the CCP's and general clearing members’ loss-absorbing financial resources during rare but plausible market conditions. Based on our analysis, we provide insight into how clearing-network structure can affect the maximum-exposure risk of a CCP and, thereby, network stability. We show that the rate function (the exponential decay rate) of the maximum-exposure probability is informative and can be used to compare the relative maximum-exposure risks across different network configurations.     

论网络反腐媒介“事实”与司法事实的认知

网络反腐对于反腐倡廉起到相当重要的作用,但从现有的反腐现状看,网络反腐的焦点与司法机关认定的事实具有一定的出入。房姐无“房”的司法判决使网民产生许多疑问,而媒介“事实”与司法事实之间的鸿沟是如何产生的？如何理性对待媒介“事实”与司法事实的张力？这些皆涉及对媒介“事实”与司法事实的认知问题。     

Extended Analysis and Evidence Integration of Chloroprene as a Human Carcinogen

β-Chloroprene is used in the production of polychloroprene, a synthetic rubber. In 2010, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the Integrated Risk Information System “Toxicological Review of Chloroprene,” concluding that chloroprene was “likely to be carcinogenic to humans.” This was based on findings from a 1998 National Toxicology Program (NTP) study showing multiple tumors within and across animal species; results from occupational epidemiological studies; a proposed mutagenic mode of action; and structural similarities with 1,3-butadiene and vinyl chloride. Using mouse data from the NTP study and assuming a mutagenic mode of action, EPA calculated an inhalation unit risk (IUR) for chloroprene of 5 × 10⁻⁴ per µg/m³. This is among the highest IURs for chemicals classified by IARC or EPA as known or probable human carcinogens and orders of magnitude higher than the IURs for carcinogens such as vinyl chloride, benzene, and 1,3-butadiene. Due to differences in pharmacokinetics, mice appear to be uniquely responsive to chloroprene exposure compared to other animals, including humans, which is consistent with the lack of evidence of carcinogenicity in robust occupational epidemiological studies. We evaluated and integrated all lines of evidence for chloroprene carcinogenicity to assess whether the 2010 EPA IUR could be scientifically substantiated. Due to clear interspecies differences in carcinogenic response to chloroprene, we applied a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for chloroprene to calculate a species-specific internal dose (amount metabolized/gram of lung tissue) and derived an IUR that is over 100-fold lower than the 2010 EPA IUR. Therefore, we recommend that EPA's IUR be updated.     

Business Diversification in the Securities Industry: Implications for the Exchanges

The growth strategies of the listed exchanges affect the morphology of the securities industry as they are focused on the consolidation of trading infrastructures and, on the other hand, on the diversification of the business model. New “conglomeral exchanges” are characterized by a far-reaching production function. Since they integrate product-service lines which are complementary, they potentially herald competitive distorsions limiting the investor’s freedom of choice and prejudicing the interest for the best result from the investment.

Using the Stepfamily Genetic Design to Examine Gene-Environment Processes in Child and Family Functioning

SUMMARY

Studying children in different types of families-intact, single-mother, and stepparent families-affords opportunities for testing models of gene-environment processes, based on estimates of sibling similarity among full-siblings and half-siblings. We used a stepfamily quantitative genetic design to estimate genetic and environmental sources of variance in children's behavior problems and prosocial behaviors, as well as negativity in their relationships with their mothers and mothers' partners. Participants included full- and half-sibling pairs (same- and opposite-sex) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Mothers reported on their children's behavior problems and prosocial behaviors, as well as negativity in their parent-child relationships, for a target child (4 years old) and oneolder sibling (M =6.31 years). There was additive genetic variance in child behavior problems and partner-child negativity, and shared environmental variance in mother-child and partner-child negativity. One-fifth to two-thirds of the variance was accounted for by nonshared environment and error. These findings were similar even after controlling for sibling gender and age differences, the resident status of the older sibling, and the older siblings' degree of contact with the nonresident biological parent. The links between parental negativity and child behavior problems were mediated by genetic covariance suggesting possible gene-environment correlation processes, and the links between parental negativity and child prosocial behaviors were mediated primarily by environmental covariance.     

从社会学角度看网络生存的特点及其对个体行动者的影响

随着互联网的迅速扩张,人类生活从物理空间延伸到虚拟空间,人类的生存状态和方式也发生了全新的变化,个体在网络中的生存特点及存在的问题日益引起广泛的注意。本文主要从社会学角度通过对网络中的个体行动者在这一空间中的存在状态的分析,旨在揭示他们在网络空间中的生存特点对个体产生的各种影响。     

Hospital resident scheduling problem

This paper addresses the resident scheduling problem (RSP) at hospitals concerned with prescribing work-nights for residents while considering departmental staffing and skill requirements as well as residents' preferences. Three scenarios that represent most situations and account for various departmental requirements and needs are described. Although similar scheduling problems are considered in the literature, no analysis exists that adequately deals with the speciffic nature of this problem. The problem is modeled as a mixed-integer program and heuristic solution procedures are developed for the different identified scheduling scenarios. These procedures exploit the inherent network structure of the problem which is an important feature that enhances problem solvability. For the sake of comparison, the problem is also solved exactly via the CPLEX-MIP (version 6.0) package. The contribution of this work is important since many hospitals are still utilizing manual techniques in preparing their own schedules, expending considerable effort and time and yet contending with limited scheduling flexibility.     

日本市町村防灾无线网的建设与启示

灾害管理信息化建设的滞后是制约我国防灾抗灾能力的重要因素,日本的相关经验值得学习借鉴。市町村防灾无线网是日本灾害管理通信系统的基本组成部分,是基层政府防灾抗灾的信息化基础设施。文章介绍了市町村防灾无线网的体系架构,分析了它的功能和系统组成,探讨了灾害信息的管理流程,阐述了系统的主要特点与用途,结合中国的实际提出了五个方面的借鉴建议。