重点行业碳减排是否会导致行业间的碳泄漏

本文基于行业间投入产出关联的视角,分析了高耗能工业和能源行业等重点行业碳减排是否会导致行业间碳泄漏的问题。结果显示,重点行业减排并未引致行业间的碳泄漏效应,而是实现了整体减排的“扩散效应”,各行业的碳排放量均呈现了下降特征,价格体系和投入产出结构两个方面的变动佐证了这一现象。一方面,重点行业减排导致高耗能工业、能源行业生产成本上升以及低耗能工业、建筑业中投入要素成本增加和产品价格上升,因而高耗能工业品、能源产品消耗增加的“回弹效应”没有出现;另一方面,在重点行业碳减排的影响下,各行业有效控制和降低了中间投入中高耗能产品和能源产品的使用,存在着紧密产业关联的能源行业、高耗能工业、低耗能工业、建筑业中间投入下降的幅度相对较大,对碳减排的贡献程度较高。     

碳信息披露的价值效应：环境监管的调节作用

本文通过构建多层线性模型分析了地区层次的环境监管因素对企业层次的上市公司碳信息披露价值效应的影响。研究发现,在碳信息披露与企业价值的U型关系中,环境监管具有调节作用,良好的环境监管有助于增强企业碳信息披露与企业价值的正向关系。且本文进一步研究发现,相比非国有企业,良好的环境监管对国有企业更能增强企业碳信息披露与企业价值的正向关系。同一环境监管水平下,国有企业比非国有企业更有利于偏向企业碳信息披露与企业价值的正向关系。本研究丰富了环境监管和碳信息披露的经济后果领域的文献,并为企业在不同环境监管水平下,充分提升碳信息披露水平与提高企业价值,以及为政府的相关环境监管建设,促进低碳经济发展提供启示。     

各国二氧化碳排放责任的实证分析

 在进行国际环境责任分担时,综合考虑生产者责任和消费者责任,不仅符合责任分担的公平性要求,也能够协调各方利益,促进国际环境合作的达成。本文在Rodrigues等人指标模型基础上,利用全球贸易分析项目（GTAP）数据库,实际测算了在综合考虑生产者责任和消费者责任原则下,中国、美国、日本等全球十个主要国家2004年的二氧化碳排放量,发现中、俄、印三国当年的碳排放责任被高估,而美、日等其他国家当年的碳排放责任被低估。     

对外贸易隐含SO2测算及影响因素的结构分解分析

 本研究根据中国2002、2005、2007年非竞争型投入产出表、OECD的国外投入产出表和GTAP Version 7.0的SO2排放强度等数据,利用多国投入产出模型方法测算了中国对外贸易中隐含SO2,相关的行业结构分布以及隐含污染物在主要贸易伙伴国的贸易流向,并通过结构分解方法分析了三大因素对出口贸易隐污染物的贡献大小。研究结果表明：2002年至2007年间,我国对外贸易创造了巨大贸易顺差,同时也带来了大量隐含SO2顺差;迅速增长的贸易规模是出口贸易隐含污染物增加的主要因素,但是,环境保护和节能减排技术改进导致的SO2排放强度下降抑制出口贸易隐含SO2增加,而投入产出中间结构变化对其影响较小。     

利用工业废硅胶制活性白炭黑

工业废硅胶用一定浓度的氢氧化钠处理，经过滤得水玻璃．在其中同时加入氯化钠溶液和稀硫酸，经酸化、过滤、水洗、干燥得活性白炭黑，产品指标和橡胶补强性能均达到有关标准.     

Stochastic Estimates of Exposure and Cancer Risk from Carbon Tetrachloride Released to the Air from the Rocky Flats Plant

Carbon tetrachloride is a degreasing agent that was used at the Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) in Colorado to clean product components and equipment. The chemical is considered a volatile organic compound and a probable human carcinogen. During the time the plant operated (1953-1989), most of the carbon tetrachloride was released to the atmosphere through building exhaust ducts. A smaller amount was released to the air via evaporation from open-air burn pits and ground-surface discharge points. Airborne releases from the plant were conservatively estimated to be equivalent to the amount of carbon tetrachloride consumed annually by the plant, which was estimated to be between 3.6 and 180 Mg per year. This assumption was supported by calculations that showed that most of the carbon tetrachloride discharged to the ground surface would subsequently be released to the atmosphere. Atmospheric transport of carbon tetrachloride from the plant to the surrounding community was estimated using a Gaussian Puff dispersion model (RATCHET). Time-integrated concentrations were estimated for nine hypothetical but realistic exposure scenarios that considered variation in lifestyle, location, age, and gender. Uncertainty distributions were developed for cancer slope factors and atmospheric dispersion factors. These uncertainties were propagated through to the final risk estimate using Monte Carlo techniques. The geometric mean risk estimates varied from 5.2 x 10(-6) for a hypothetical rancher or laborer working near the RFP to 3.4 x 10(-9) for an infant scenario. The distribution of incremental lifetime cancer incidence risk for the hypothetical rancher was between 1.3 x 10(-6) (5% value) and 2.1 x 10(-5) (95% value). These estimates are similar to or exceed estimated cancer risks posed by releases of radionuclides from the site.     

Not in My Backyard: CCS Sites and Public Perception of CCS

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology that counteracts climate change by capturing atmospheric emissions of CO₂ from human activities, storing them in geological formations underground. However, CCS also involves major risks and side effects, and faces strong public opposition. The whereabouts of 408 potential CCS sites in Germany were released in 2011. Using detailed survey data on the public perception of CCS, this study quantifies how living close to a potential storage site affects the acceptance of CCS. It also analyzes the influence of other regional characteristics on the acceptance of CCS. The study finds that respondents who live close to a potential CCS site have significantly lower acceptance rates than those who do not. Living in a coal‐mining region also markedly decreases acceptance.     

基于指导滤波的单次曝光强度关联成像研究

针对低采样条件下单次曝光强度关联成像重构图像质量不理想问题,提出一种基于指导滤波的单次曝光强度关联成像重构算法。首先,通过快速投影Landweber正则化获得较低质量的初始估计图像,然后将该图像作为指导图像,采用指导滤波进行多次联合迭代,最后获得去噪后的高质量重构图像。在不同采样率条件下与基于压缩感知全变差低秩约束算法的重构图像进行了对比分析,数值模拟和实验结果均证明了本文算法的有效性。     

Women’s status and carbon dioxide emissions: A quantitative cross-national analysis

Global climate change is one of the most severe problems facing societies around the world. Very few assessments of the social forces that influence greenhouse gas emissions have examined gender inequality. Empirical research suggests that women are more likely than men to support environmental protection. Various strands of feminist theory suggest that this is due to women’s traditional roles as caregivers, subsistence food producers, water and fuelwood collectors, and reproducers of human life. Other theorists argue that women’s status and environmental protection are linked because the exploitation of women and the exploitation of nature are interconnected processes. For these theoretical and empirical reasons, we hypothesize that in societies with greater gender equality there will be relatively lower impacts on the environment, controlling for other factors. We test this hypothesis using quantitative analysis of cross-national data, focusing on the connection between women’s political status and CO₂ emissions per capita. We find that CO₂ emissions per capita are lower in nations where women have higher political status, controlling for GDP per capita, urbanization, industrialization, militarization, world-system position, foreign direct investment, the age dependency ratio, and level of democracy. This finding suggests that efforts to improve gender equality around the world may work synergistically with efforts to curtail global climate change and environmental degradation more generally.