美国2010年人口普查方法介绍

 本文根据美国人口普查局网站资料,介绍了美国2010年人口普查的调查目的、内容、具体组织实施方法等,其科学的调查设计方法、规范的操作流程、先进的数据收集和处理方法及丰富的公开信息资源,为我国2010年人口普查提供了参考,有利于加快完善我国人口普查制度,实现及时准确反映全国及各地的人口变化情况。     

Measuring Changes in Family Wellbeing in New Zealand 1981–2001

Since the mid-1980s, New Zealand has experienced extensive economic, social and political reforms. The economic impact of these changes has been closely monitored and much commented upon. However, the social impacts of the reforms on different family types are less well understood. This paper outlines a project designed to monitor how the reforms impacted upon specific family types via the use of indicators of family wellbeing constructed from census data. These indicators show that for a range of family types, the reforms of the 1980s and 1990s varied in their impact, with single-parent families faring worst.

中国经济普查结果带来的启示

文章主要从分析中国经济普查的结果出发,指明了统计工作等方面存在的问题及其产生的原因,针对性地提出建议:切实改变传统的统计方法和制度,进行统计方法和制度的创新;大力宣传社会主义荣辱观,切实加强公民道德与职业道德建设和法制建设;切实加强现金管理,逐步改革工资报酬支付制度,普遍推行转帐支付和银行卡制度;进一步严格税收征管制度。     

未来五十陕西人口总量及老龄化发展趋势预测

人口总量的增加和老龄化趋势的加快,会对社会经济发展带来新的问题,产生全方位的影响。本文利用陕西省“五普”数据,采用人口推算预测法,对未来50年陕西人口总量及老龄化进程进行了预测,为陕西省科学地制定国民经济和社会发展战略与规划,统筹安排人民的物质和文化生活,实现人口与资源、环境的可持续发展提供参考。     

美国2000年人口普查的准确性和数字评估调查

本文概要地叙述了美国2000年人口普查后所进行的准确性和数字评估调查(A.C.E.调查)。它包括:抽样设计、事后分层、双系统估计等等。     

人口普查工作新平台：人口地理信息系统

本文在回顾我国人口普查传统方法技术基础上 ,分析了新形势下国内外人口普查技术新进展 ,并指出人口地理信息系统的建设是我国人口普查新工作平台。本文探讨了人口地理信息系统基本功能和系统结构 ,并从五个方面详细分析人口地理信息系统如何辅助人口普查工作 :普查登记阶段 ,GIS技术可以辅助划分普查区域 ,绘制出普查地图和调查小区地图 ,提高速度和准确性 ,确保地域上的不重不漏 ;利用人口GIS ,可以充分发挥基本单位名录库在普查中的重要作用 ;利用人口GIS ,可以拓宽抽样调查和专项调查应用领域 ;利用调查小区空间不变性 ,可以统一普查资料空间基准 ,极大的拓宽普查资料应用范围 ;利用人口GIS ,可以加深人口普查数据的开发利用。未来十年内 ,将会有更多的区域建设各等级人口专题地理信息系统。     

An analysis of net immigration in census coverage evaluation

National surveys monitored growth in the foreign-born population for the 1980s, especially net undocumented migration's continuing role, but the 1990 census portrayed an even larger foreign-born population than these surveys. Undercoverage in 1990 could have been higher than initially presented because preliminary studies may have insufficiently accounted for decadal net immigration. Assumptions intended to maintain a high undocumented undercount performed poorly when census counts of foreign-born residents became known. Any point estimate for net undocumented migration, calculated as a residual, is likely to be biased by assumptions and data gaps for components of calculating net legal immigration, especially in the direction of underestimation. A reasonable statement is that at least 2.1–2.4 million undocumented residents were enumerated in the 1990 census. The number of unenumerated undocumented residents may easily have ranged between 0.5 million and 3.0 million, and a narrower range of 1 million to 2 million is plausible. Despite the importance of undocumented migration measurement for census evaluation and policy purposes, differences among various undocumented estimates are more likely to stem from discrepancies in universe, reference dates, or individual judgment, rather than analytic refinement. Better measurement of the foreignborn population or its census coverage would aid in setting upper limits on net undocumented migration.     

20世纪50年代以来美国人口变化特征及其对中国的启示北大核心CSSCI

代表世界人口大国的中国和美国在2021年陆续发布2020年人口普查初步结果。最新人口普查数据显示:随着社会经济发展和民众人口观念的转变,两国在人口数量和结构特征层面呈现出一些共性特征。例如总和生育率低于替代水平与大规模老年群体叠加造成的结构性老龄化,区域发展不平衡与高度城市化共同带来的协调发展困境,整体劳动力市场萎缩与家庭内部经济支持的矛盾等。因此,基于国别人口学的研究视角,关注二战之后美国人口国情,研究美国人口各要素变化的特征及其趋势,为准确把握我国人口发展趋势、科学应对我国人口问题提供更加现实的研究依据和崭新的研究视角。本文基于20世纪50年代以来美国人口普查的相关数据,重点分析21世纪美国人口变化的新特征。一方面,从数量和结构两个维度出发,总结其在总量、年龄、性别、城乡、地区、族裔、劳动力、家庭等方面变迁的主要特征,并综合其人口动态变化与静态形势的发展特点,对未来美国人口变化的基本趋势做出一定预判。另一方面,参考美国应对相关人口问题的成功经验,提出我国可以通过引入海外人才,鼓励老年人再就业,政府和市场合作促进西部开发,发挥大都市区龙头作用,更好地应对我国目前面临或未来可能产生的人口问题。     

Ethnic differences in the labour market: a comparison of the samples of anonymized records and Labour Force Survey

The public use sample from the 1991 UK census makes it possible to conduct individual level analyses of ethnic minorities' educational and occupational attainments. Unfortunately, however, the census asked only about higher level qualifications obtained after reaching 18 years of age. A comparison with the Labour Force Surveys (LFSs) shows that the census gives in some respects a misleading impression of qualifications among the first-generation members of ethnic minorities: the LFS data show that ethnic minorities tend to be more polarized in their qualifications than the British-born whites, with relatively large proportions at the two extremes, either with degrees or with no qualifications at all. It follows that the census's treatment of qualifications may tend to exaggerate the scale of disadvantage of ethnic minorities in the labour market, and particularly in access to the salariat where qualifications play a particularly large role in recruitment. Regression analyses of sample of anonymized records and LFS data confirm these expectations although they indicate that the results of the census are not seriously misleading as regards the pattern of ethnic disadvantages in the competition to avoid unemployment. The LFS data also confirm earlier findings that the ethnic penalties are in general of similar magnitude among the second generation to those among the first generation, despite the substantial equalization of educational experience that has taken place. There is some evidence that disadvantages in access to the salariat may have been reduced, but this is counterbalanced by the evidence that disadvantages in the avoidance of unemployment may have deteriorated.     

中国的返迁人口:基于五普数据的分析

本文利用我国2000年第五次人口普查的数据,估计返迁人口的规模并描述返迁人口的人口社会特征及其与现在的迁移人口与非迁移常住人口的差异,从个人因素、居住地类型以及家庭户特征三个方面分别讨论了返迁的决定因素。并讨论了本文的一些缺陷及今后的研究方向。