From victims to winners: strategies of negotiation among relocated residents in demolition-compensation events in local China

It has been well documented by researchers that in China’s continual quest for modernisation and urbanisation, many urban and rural residents became displaced and portrayed as victims. A more important question however needs to be explored: do evicted residents learn from others to develop strategies to protect themselves from becoming victims? Through in-depth interviews, primary data collection, documentary research, this study has confirmed that for some evicted residents in Southern China’s urban fringes, when their land was appropriated by local government and developers and they were offered resettlement elsewhere, they did not behave passively to accept the terms of compensation dictated. Instead, they actively learnt from other dwellers who were evicted earlier to become well-organised, resourceful, and sophisticated negotiators in bargaining for their compensation. The group of rural residents proved that they could do better than the evicted urban residents, especially in terms of compensation-negotiation.     

高新技术创新的文化路径及政策选择

相对一般的技术创新，高新技术创新有其独有的一些特点，这些特点决定了文化对高新技术创新具有重要作用。高新技术创新的文化路径包括观念文化路径、制度文化路径和行动文化路径三个方面。基于文化视角优化高新技术创新的政策选择，完善我国科技政策，有助于推动高新技术的进一步创新。     

会计核算软件逆向操作的利弊分析

为了迎合财务会计的需求,软件公司开发了不少带有逆向操作功能的软件,虽然在使用中对更正会计差错、减少系统数据冗余和提高工作质量等起到了一定的作用,但同样也给财务会计系统的安全带来了威胁。这里在简略介绍会计核算软件逆向操作内涵和功能作用的基础上,针对其可能产生的隐患和危害等进行了分析,并针对其弊端和可能的风险提出了防范性完善措施。     

Sensitivity,uncertainty, and decision analyses in the prioritization of research

The evaluation of hazards from complex, large scale, technologically advanced systems often requires the construction of computer implemented mathematical models. These models are used to evaluate the safety of the systems and to evaluate the consequences of modifications to the systems. These evaluations, however, are normally surrounded by significant uncertainties related to the uncertainty inherent in natural phenomena such as the weather and those related to uncertainties in the parameters and models used in the evaluation.

Another use of these models is to evaluate strategies for improving information used in the modeling process itself. While sensitivity analysis is useful in defining variables in the model that are important, uncertainty analysis provides a tool for assessing the importance of uncertainty about these variables. A third complementary technique, is decision analysis. It provides a methodology for explicitly evaluating and ranking potential improvements to the model. Its use in the development of information gathering strategies for a nuclear waste repository are discussed in this paper.     

A new lifetime distribution

Many if not most lifetime distributions are motivated only by mathematical interest. Here, a new three-parameter distribution motivated mainly by lifetime issues is introduced. Some properties of the new distribution including estimation procedures, univariate generalizations and bivariate generalizations are derived. A real data application is described to show its superior performance versus at least that of 15 of the known lifetime models.     

关注大学生就业问题,谋求地方高师院校长足发展

通过对地方高师院校毕业生就业形势的深入分析,剖析了引发地方高师院校毕业生就业难的内因和外因。从学校长足发展的角度,对地方高师院校的教育、管理和服务提出了改进措施。     

城镇化背景下大遗址管理体制的突破与困境

对大遗址管理而言,我国正稳步推进的城镇化既是机遇,也是挑战。为回应这些机遇或挑战,“十一五”前后我国从中央到地方采取了一系列措施,以寻求大遗址管理体制中管理架构和机构的部分突破。这些突破对大遗址保护已经或正在产生积极影响,但也面临着政策不具普适性、无法根除原管理框架痼疾等困境。促成大遗址保护需求与规划的衔接、引入社会力量参与大遗址管理,是突破困境的重要手段。     

Reliability of stress–strength model for exponentiated Pareto distributions

In this paper, the reliability of a system is discussed when the strength of the system and the stress imposed on it are independent, non-identical exponentiated Pareto distributed random variables. Different point estimations and interval estimations are proposed. The point estimators obtained are maximum likelihood, uniformly minimum variance unbiased and Bayesian estimators. The interval estimations obtained are approximate, exact, bootstrap-p and bootstrap-t confidence intervals and Bayesian credible interval. Different methods and the corresponding confidence intervals are compared using Monte-carlo simulations.     

论法治教育与思想政治教育的统一性

法治教育与思想政治教育在教育内容、教育目的、教育理念与方式上存在着统一性，法治教育与思想政治教育的共同任务在于彰显诚信法治教育、道德理想教育和实践理性教育。法治教育有利于加强大学生思想政治教育的实效，有利于促进思想政治教育的认知环节。为此，要关注尊重受教育者的主体地位，加强诚信法治建设，高度重视学校教育与社会、家庭的结合，加强教育环境建设。     

Higher-order Bayesian Approximations for Pseudo-posterior Distributions

The theory of higher-order asymptotics provides accurate approximations to posterior distributions for a scalar parameter of interest, and to the corresponding tail area, for practical use in Bayesian analysis. The aim of this article is to extend these approximations to pseudo-posterior distributions, e.g., posterior distributions based on a pseudo-likelihood function and a suitable prior, which are proved to be particularly useful when the full likelihood is analytically or computationally infeasible. In particular, from a theoretical point of view, we derive the Laplace approximation for a pseudo-posterior distribution, and for the corresponding tail area, for a scalar parameter of interest, also in the presence of nuisance parameters. From a computational point of view, starting from these higher-order approximations, we discuss the higher-order tail area (HOTA) algorithm useful to approximate marginal posterior distributions, and related quantities. Compared to standard Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, the main advantage of the HOTA algorithm is that it gives independent samples at a negligible computational cost. The relevant computations are illustrated by two examples.