多元化纠纷解决机制下审判权力的配置——以日本为视角

一个国家的审判权力配置是受社会、政治、经济等多种因素影响。从日本古代、近代以及战后审判权力配置的演变过程可知,日本一方面通过替代性纠纷解决机制（ADR）以解决审判带来的弊端,实现繁简分流,另一方面改革了传统的民事审判权力配置,使大量的家庭纠纷案件和小额纠纷案件得以向专门法院或专门程序分流,缓解了法院的诉讼压力,这对优化民事审判权力配置、促进诉讼效率的提高具有积极的意义。     

论我国加入《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的批准与保留——以刑事诉讼法为例

目前我国《刑事诉讼法》与《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》的要求具有一定的差距,如指控范围窄于《公约》要求;平等、公开、公正原则不能全面体现;无罪推定原则没有真正确立;刑事审判中对被告人权利最低限度的保障达不到以及一事不再理原则没有真正确立等。同时,根据各国加入《公约》时对公正审判程序的保留情况,分析对我国的启示。在此基础上,探讨我国加入《公约》前对公正审判程序的构建。     

不真正连带责任的诉讼形态——权利实现与程序救济

由于立法不明确,法院对不真正连带责任诉讼形态的选择表现出不确定性.理论上也存在不同认识,在现实法律环境下,应当结合不真正连带责任的性质、效力、诉讼形态的划分标准等因素进行综合考虑,首先应当遵守现有的法律规定;在法律未作明确规定时,债权人具有选择权,可以向任一债务人起诉,也可以选择向全部不真正连带责任人一并起诉,如果债权人同时向不真正连带责任人分别起诉,则应当适用合并审理的有关规定.     

被害人利益的维度考量之刑法意义思考——以亲告罪为视角

随着"被害人学"的勃兴,被害人的主体地位、权利救济等在刑事政策的变迁中得到彰显,由此影响到刑事立法对被害人利益的尊重与考量。反观我国刑法,除了亲告罪,几乎没有对被害人主体利益特别是自我决定的尊重与保护,这不利于扩张刑法的法益保护机能与贯彻刑法谦抑性理念。为了让被害人利益在我国刑法中得到彰显,不仅要在完善亲告罪立法体例基础上适度扩张其适用范围,还要对被害人承诺进行适度的法定化,明确被害人承诺的概念,并就被害人对身体健康权的承诺进行限定,以与新增设的组织出卖人体器官罪的设置保持协调。     

论刑事普通程序简易化审理

刑事普通程序简易化审理是当下中国司法改革中的有益探索。它不仅具有合法性根据,而且能够促进公正与效率之间最大限度的平衡。当然,该种程序还存在一些内在的操作性缺陷,但是通过相关配套与衔接制度的完善,可以予以有效的克服。     

论政府环境责任问责机制的健全——加强社会公众问责

政府环境责任是政府为满足社会公众的环境公共需求而承担的环境义务,其实现的保障就是健全政府环境责任问责机制,这其中加强社会公众的问责是非常重要的。社会公众问责具有立法机关、司法机关和行政机关所不具备的优势,其理论依据是“人民主权”。社会公众对政府是否履行环境责任进行问责的最佳方式是诉讼,从社会公众对政府是否履行环境责任进行问责的现实需要来看,强化和完善环境行政审判是其要旨所在。     

关于司法独立的含义

本文在分析司法的本性和特征以及司法独立原则发展的历史脉络的基础上,提出司法即审判,司法独立即审判独立;司法独立的基本含义在于法院、法官依法独立行使司法权或审判权,法院、法官对案件的裁决只服从法律,不受任何外来干涉.     

建立中国(上海)自由贸易试验区动因及其经济效应分析

上海自贸试验区的建立,不是着眼于一城市、一区域的发展,而是力图通过开放转变政府角色、推动制度创新,突破金融领域的改革难点,从而带来"制度红利",充分运用市场调配资源的高效为我国社会主义建设事业服务。上海要实现建成金融中心、贸易中心的宏伟目标,必须从自贸试验区开始,从根本上摒除要素流动的障碍,协调好与经济腹地,与香港、深圳前海等区域的关系,实现区域经济协同发展。上海自贸试验区的建成,必将进一步推动上海服务业产业集聚,推动上海金融中心、航运中心、贸易中心更上一个能级,辐射长江流域甚至更广阔的地域。     

Invariant co-ordinate selection

Summary.  A general method for exploring multivariate data by comparing different estimates of multivariate scatter is presented. The method is based on the eigenvalue–eigenvector decomposition of one scatter matrix relative to another. In particular, it is shown that the eigenvectors can be used to generate an affine invariant co-ordinate system for the multivariate data. Consequently, we view this method as a method for invariant co-ordinate selection . By plotting the data with respect to this new invariant co-ordinate system, various data structures can be revealed. For example, under certain independent components models, it is shown that the invariant co- ordinates correspond to the independent components. Another example pertains to mixtures of elliptical distributions. In this case, it is shown that a subset of the invariant co-ordinates corresponds to Fisher's linear discriminant subspace, even though the class identifications of the data points are unknown. Some illustrative examples are given.     

A simple two-stage design for quantitative responses with application to a study in diabetic neuropathic pain

Two-stage designs offer substantial advantages for early phase II studies. The interim analysis following the first stage allows the study to be stopped for futility, or more positively, it might lead to early progression to the trials needed for late phase II and phase III. If the study is to continue to its second stage, then there is an opportunity for a revision of the total sample size. Two-stage designs have been implemented widely in oncology studies in which there is a single treatment arm and patient responses are binary. In this paper the case of two-arm comparative studies in which responses are quantitative is considered. This setting is common in therapeutic areas other than oncology. It will be assumed that observations are normally distributed, but that there is some doubt concerning their standard deviation, motivating the need for sample size review. The work reported has been motivated by a study in diabetic neuropathic pain, and the development of the design for that trial is described in detail.