Sense of coherence and ill health among the unemployed and re-employed after closure of an assembly plant

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employment status, ill health and sense of coherence(SOC). A cross-sectional sample of the former workers at the closed down Volvo Kalmar plant in Sweden was used. A questionnaire was mailed to all identified subjects 2 years after the closure of the plant. Responses were obtained from 344 persons, of whom 173 were re-employed and 92 were unemployed. They answered the questionnaire anonymously on background variables, SOC and ill health (physical and psychological symptoms). A notable difference was found between the re-employed and unemployed, where the unemployed reported symptoms significantly more often as well as a significantly weaker SOC. A main finding in a four cell model indicated that unemployment had a rather low impact on symptoms in the presence of a strong SOC. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was performed with simultaneous analysis of the unemployed and reemployed. The SEM analysis indicated that SOC seemed to have a greater impact on psychological symptoms among unemployed compared with re-employed persons. However, it should be noted that the present study does not allow for the determination of cause-effect relationships.     

语篇的连贯性与汉语长句形成机制的认知分析

语篇分析诞生于上个世纪50—60年代,目前已成为语言学学科的重要分支之一。尤其是上个世纪末至今,语篇分析经历了从形式到意义到认知的逐步深入的过程。相对于印欧语言,汉语的句法有其独特性。从语篇连贯和语义认知的角度对汉语长句的形成机制进行分析是解决汉语长句或大于长句的语言单位的语法分析的有效手段之一。     

Statistical methods for regular monitoring data

Summary.  Meteorological and environmental data that are collected at regular time intervals on a fixed monitoring network can be usefully studied combining ideas from multiple time series and spatial statistics, particularly when there are little or no missing data. This work investigates methods for modelling such data and ways of approximating the associated likelihood functions. Models for processes on the sphere crossed with time are emphasized, especially models that are not fully symmetric in space–time. Two approaches to obtaining such models are described. The first is to consider a rotated version of fully symmetric models for which we have explicit expressions for the covariance function. The second is based on a representation of space–time covariance functions that is spectral in just the time domain and is shown to lead to natural partially nonparametric asymmetric models on the sphere crossed with time. Various models are applied to a data set of daily winds at 11 sites in Ireland over 18 years. Spectral and space–time domain diagnostic procedures are used to assess the quality of the fits. The spectral-in-time modelling approach is shown to yield a good fit to many properties of the data and can be applied in a routine fashion relative to finding elaborate parametric models that describe the space–time dependences of the data about as well.     

实数连续性的八个等价命题

叙述常见的八种形式的连续性定理,并给予环状证明,从而说明这八个定理是彼此等价。     

"一致"概念的分析

基础主义在解决知识回溯问题上陷入了困境,这直接导致了另一种重要的替代理论——一致主义的产生。不过,一种完整的一致主义理论需要依靠它所指定的一致概念来界定,这样自然就转向了一个倍受关注的问题:究竟什么是“一致”?一致主义者通常按照两个可供取舍的思想来理解一致:经典的回答把“一致”理解为蕴含的一致,而新近的回答则是把“一致”理解为解释的一致。现在我们讨论的重点是前者。     

上下义关系理论对大学英语写作的指导作用

本文以结构语义学中的上下义关系理论为基础,结合大学英语写作教学的实际现状,对该理论在中国学生英文写作中的应用进行了较深入的分析。作者强调：上下义关系理论在写作中具有很强的语篇组织功能,它不仅可以引导学生认知语篇中各成分之间的逻辑语义关系,还可以帮助学生主动构建语篇的逻辑语义关系,从而有效提高学生的语言交际能力。     

Grouping strategies and thresholding for high dimensional linear models

The estimation problem in a high regression model with structured sparsity is investigated. An algorithm using a two-step block thresholding procedure called GR-LOL is provided. Convergence rates are produced: they depend on simple coherence-type indices of the Gram matrix – easily checkable on the data – as well as sparsity assumptions of the model parameters measured by a combination of l₁ within-blocks with _lq$l_q$, q<1$q<1$ between-blocks norms. The simplicity of the coherence indicator suggests ways to optimize the rates of convergence when the group structure is not naturally given by the problem or is unknown. In such a case, an auto-driven procedure is provided to determine the regressor groups (number and contents). An intensive practical study compares our grouping methods with the standard LOL algorithm. We prove that the grouping rarely deteriorates the results but can improve them very significantly. GR-LOL is also compared with group-Lasso procedures and exhibits a very encouraging behavior. The results are quite impressive, especially when GR-LOL algorithm is combined with a grouping pre-processing.     

Upper probabilities based only on the likelihood function

In the problem of parametric statistical inference with a finite parameter space, we propose some simple rules for defining posterior upper and lower probabilities directly from the observed likelihood function, without using any prior information. The rules satisfy the likelihood principle and a basic consistency principle ('avoiding sure loss'), they produce vacuous inferences when the likelihood function is constant, and they have other symmetry, monotonicity and continuity properties. One of the rules also satisfies fundamental frequentist principles. The rules can be used to eliminate nuisance parameters, and to interpret the likelihood function and to use it in making decisions. To compare the rules, they are applied to the problem of sampling from a finite population. Our results indicate that there are objective statistical methods which can reconcile three general approaches to statistical inference: likelihood inference, coherent inference and frequentist inference.     

Coherent Hypothesis Testing

Multiple hypothesis testing, an important quantitative tool to report the results of scientific inquiries, frequently leads to contradictory conclusions. For instance, in an analysis of variance (ANOVA) setting, the same dataset can lead one to reject the equality of two means, say μ₁ = μ₂, but at the same time to not reject the hypothesis that μ₁ = μ₂ = 0. These two conclusions violate the coherence principle introduced by Gabriel in 1969 Gabriel, K. R. (1969), “Simultaneous Test Procedures - Some Theory of Multiple Comparisons,” The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 40, 224–250. Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/2239213[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], and lead to results that are difficult to communicate, and, many times, embarrassing for practitioners of statistical methods. Although this situation is common in the daily life of statisticians, it is usually not discussed in courses of statistics. In this work, we enrich the teaching and discussion of this important topic by investigating through a few examples whether several standard test procedures are coherent or not. We also discuss the relationship between coherent tests and measures of support. Finally, we show how a Bayesian decision-theoretical framework can be used to build coherent tests. These approaches to coherence enlighten when such property is appealing in multiple testing and provide means of obtaining it.     

做好思想政治工作的若干要点

在社会主义市场经济新形势下 ,如何做好思想政治工作 ,把思想政治教育贯穿于改革、发展、稳定之中 ,这是宣传思想战线亟待解决的问题。把握思想政治工作的“六性”和“六点” ,才能找准思想政治工作的切入点 ,使思想政治工作出现应有的生机和活力