Consistencies and Inconsistencies: Mental Health, Compulsory Treatment and Community Capacity Building in England, Wales and Australia

In relation to mental health, it is clear that medicalized underpinnings,the provision of a clinically orientated evidence base for practiceand the need to contain ‘risk’ continue to be prioritized,particularly when compulsory intervention is considered. Thisis despite the increasing influence of a citizenship and socialjustice agenda which is being promoted by psychiatrists involvedin the development of ‘postpsychiatry’, as wellas by service users/survivors. These drivers are not mutuallyexclusive, but in the context of compulsory treatment, thereare clear tensions. In this article, the policy surroundingmental health and compulsory intervention in Australia and inEngland and Wales is explored. In the context of this discussion,three ways in which current government policy can be interpretedare examined and links made between these interpretations anddifferent ways of viewing the relationship between mental healthand community capacity building. With regard to social workpractice, it is argued that a response to mental ill healthwhich concentrates on an individualized ‘diagnose andtreat’ approach, which particularly comes to the foreat times of compulsory intervention, has limited capacity tofacilitate community engagement, foster social inclusion andgenerate reciprocal dynamics between positive mental healthand community capacity building.     

论加强青少年心理健康教育

青少年心理健康教育不容忽视。由于学习压力大,人际交往空间逼仄,存在着严重的心理问题,耐挫能力差。为此,必须通过学校、家庭、社会和学生自我教育四条途径同时进行。     

The use of GIS in informal settlement upgrading: its role and impact on the community and on local government

The Urban Geographical Information Systems (GIS) Group within the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Cape Town has been coordinating a pilot informal settlement upgrading in Cape Town since 1998. The project objective has been the evolution of a model-based approach to informal settlement upgrading that is both structured and replicable. It was felt that the only way this could be achieved was through the use of a spatial data management system operated through a GIS system. The spatial database has been used for all facets of data collection and data process and forms the basis for all decision-making. Thus it covers all physical data pertaining to the site, cadastral and shack data, demographic and socio-economic data (with an in-depth review of every household) economic opportunities and physical planning and design data. The result is a comprehensive, integrated, settlement upgrading methodology that is built upon a GIS-based spatial data management framework. Such a framework is seen as the basic building block for large-scale informal settlement upgrading.     

Tree health mapping with multispectral remote sensing data at UC Davis, California

Tree health is a critical parameter for evaluating urban ecosystem health and sustainability. Traditionally, this parameter has been derived from field surveys. We used multispectral remote sensing data and GIS techniques to determine tree health at the University of California, Davis. The study area (363 ha) contained 8,962 trees of 215 species. Tree health conditions were mapped for each physiognomic type at two scales: pixel and whole tree. At the pixel scale, each tree pixel within the tree crown was classified as either healthy or unhealthy based on vegetation index values. At the whole tree scale, raster based statistical analysis was used to calculate tree health index which is the ratio of healthy pixels to entire tree pixels within the tree crown. The tree was classified as healthy if the index was greater than 70%. Accuracy was checked against a random sample of 1,186 trees. At the whole tree level, 86% of campus trees were classified as healthy with 88% mapping accuracy. At the pixel level, 86% of the campus tree cover was classified as healthy. This tree health evaluation approach allows managers to identify the location of unhealthy trees for further diagnosis and treatment. It can be used to track the spread of disease and monitor seasonal or annual changes in tree health. Also, it provides tree health information that is fundamental to modeling and analysis of the environmental, social, and economic services produced by urban forests.     

引导大学生形成健康心理素质的几点做法

当前大学生面对瞬息万变的社会难以适应,诱发了各种心理疾病。文章分析了大学生自身的心理素质具有观念先进行为落后、情绪时而稳定时而波动、成熟性强适应性差和在交往中感到孤独等特征,指出了这些特征对大学生形成健康心理素质的影响。并结合工作中的实际案例,总结了培养大学生健康心理素质的工作途径,提出了明确工作目标、制定整体规划、加强队伍建设、完善管理机制、课堂内外结合开展网络式教育、开展普查咨询、处理好心理素质教育与思想政治工作的关系等几点做法和建议,来引导大学生形成健康心理素质。     

职业倦怠与体育教师心理健康教育

体育教师职业倦怠对其心理健康的影响主要表现为情绪衰竭、去个性化和成就感降低。引发体育教师职业倦怠的压力源包括：社会压力、学校压力和自身压力。建议教会体育教师积极认知、掌握调节情绪的方法和鼓励体育教师勇于改变自我，     

贵州健康老龄化的非经济制约因素

贵州省人口老龄化具有农村人口老龄化程度高于城镇、性别比偏低、文化水平较低,且民族、地区差异明显的特点。目前制约健康老龄化的非经济因素主要有法制环境问题,政府、社区组织老年工作问题,以及养老文化面临冲击的问题。针对存在问题提出三条相应对策。     

大学毕业生择业心理的研究

随着大学毕业生分配制度的改革,大学生求职呈现出多元化的趋势。大学毕业生如何获得一份满意的工作,已成为全社会关注的课题。高校扩招之后大学毕业生就业高峰迭起。文章针对大学毕业生择业时的矛盾、焦虑、自傲、自卑、自负、挫折等等亚健康的心理状态提出相应的对策,帮助毕业生更好地了解就业形势和择业时面临的困难及挑战。     

高校心理健康教育目标体系探析

认为确立心理健康教育目标体系是实施心理健康教育的重要环节,指出了构建高校心理健康教育目标应遵守的基本原则,对心理健康教育目标体系进行了分析,对目标应包含的认知、情感、意志、个性等方面的内容进行了阐述。     

论民族教育的“依法治教”及教育事业健康发展

现行民族教育法律制度理论准备有所不足,民族教育立法欠完善,可操作性差。应当正确认识和重新界定“消灭三大差别”的科学内涵,深入调研,转变观念,建立适合我国民族地方条件与民族特点、有利于民族文化传承创新的新的教育模式,制定实施《民族教育法》,促进民族教育“依法治教”和教育事业健康发展。