习近平关于人民健康重要论述的思想内涵与实践价值研究

人民健康是人民福祉之本、强国建设之基。习近平关于人民健康重要论述基于“健康中国”战略和全面建成小康社会的 时代背景下，针对突发公共卫生事件应急管理能力滞后以及传染病等问题，系统阐述了习近平把人民群众生命安全和身体健 康放在第一位；以人民为中心，以健康为根本的思想；大卫生、大健康新理念；人民健康是最大的生产力；人民健康是全面的健 康以及习近平关于新冠肺炎防控的思想内涵。通过研究习近平关于人民健康重要论述的实践价值，有利于推进国家治理体系 和治理能力现代化，更好地应对国内出现的重大疫情，实现“健康中国2030”战略，维护国家安宁与国际稳定，更好地体现中国 防疫经验的世界意义。     

Risk Assessment for Hospital-Acquired Diseases: A Risk-Theory Approach

We introduce a new approach to hospital-acquired disease risk assessment from public health databases. In a spirit similar to actuarial risk theory, we define an adjustment coefficient that can quantify the risk associated with a hospital department, allowing comparisons of similar departments. The adjustment coefficient characterizes the tail of the distribution of the total patient length of stay in a department before the first disease event occurs. We show that this coefficient is the solution of a Lundberg-like equation, and we provide a nonparametric estimation procedure for this measure, based on a Cramér-Lundberg approximation for the tail of the distribution. Using simulations, we provide evidence of the robustness of the approximation to various individual risk models. In addition, we illustrate the relevance of this approach by evaluating the risk associated with a standard patient safety indicator in 20 hospitals of southeastern France.     

Power To Our Journeys: Re‐membering Michael

The following personal reflections are in honour of Michael and all that he contributed to our lives. And, we honour Brigitte a key member of the group who died in 2006. Mem, Sue and Veronica, December 2008.     

都市回族社区的文化变迁 --以昆明市顺城街回族社区为例

现代化是我国经济发展的必由之路,这一过程造成都市回族社区的文化变迁.本文以昆明市五华区顺城街回族社区为个案,进行都市人类学的考察,展示其文化变迁.在此基础上,拟就当前中国西部地区实施都市化和现代化过程中,都市回族社区的发展前景,如何处理好回族社区的传统与现代化的关系等问题,提出自己的看法.     

藏汉中学生心理健康水平比较研究综述

心理健康教育是教育者应用心理学、教育学、社会学乃至精神医学等多种学科的理论和技术,通过多种途径与方法,培养学生良好的心理素质,提高心理机能,充分发挥其心理潜能,从而促进学生整体素质全面提高和发展的教育。藏族学生在学校学习的过程实际上是两种或两种以上文化之间交流并融合的过程,所有影响交流的因素都有可能对藏族学生的心理发展产生影响。教育落后是制约西部地区经济发展的根本原因。因此,研究西部少数民族学生的心理与教育,对于加快发展西部教育事业具有强烈的现实意义。     

Competition and The Operational Performance of Hospitals: The Role of Hospital Objectives

We examine the effect of a hospital's objective (i.e., non‐profit vs. for‐profit) in hospital markets for elective care. Using game‐theoretic analysis and queueing models to capture the operational performance of hospitals, we compare the equilibrium behavior of three market settings in terms of such criteria as waiting times and patient costs from waiting and hospital payments. In the first setting, a monopoly, patients are served exclusively by a single non‐profit hospital; in the second, a homogeneous duopoly, patients are served by two competing non‐profit hospitals. In our third setting, a heterogeneous duopoly, the market is served by one non‐profit hospital and one for‐profit hospital. A non‐profit hospital provides free care to patients, although they may have to wait; for‐profit hospitals charge a fee to provide care with minimal waiting. A comparison between the monopolistic and each of the duopolistic settings reveals that the introduction of competition can hamper a hospital's ability to attain economies of scale and can also increase waiting times. Moreover, the presence of a for‐profit sector may be desirable only when the hospital market is sufficiently competitive. A comparison across the duopolistic settings indicates that the choice between homogeneous and heterogeneous competition depends on the patients' willingness to wait before receiving care and the reimbursement level of the non‐profit sector. When the public funder is not financially constrained, the presence of a for‐profit sector may allow the funder to lower both the financial costs of providing coverage and the total costs to patients. Finally, our analysis suggests that the public funder should exercise caution when using policy tools that support the for‐profit sector—for example, patient subsidies—because such tools may increase patient costs in the long run; it might be preferable to raise the non‐profit sector's level of reimbursement.     

环境法“义务重心”的理论证成与立法回应

环境法“义务重心论”是从“法的技术”层面提出的观点,是有别于“法的价值”层面而言的“义务本位论”,既非漠视主体的权利,也非“义务本位论”的回归,而是对环境权利“最给力”的捍卫与落实,其实践意义在于增进法律实效.环境法“义务重心”的客观依据正是自然规律的客观性、人类需要的基础性以及环境问题的特殊性.中国环境法亟需实现从“亡羊补牢式”“倒逼”到“未雨绸缪式 ”“预见”的“义务重心”立法理念匹配以及在合理配置各主体环境义务、扩充环境积极义务的内容、增加环境义务的履行方式以及强化违反环境义务的法律后果等层面进行环境立法“义务重心”的路径拓展,以期通过“义务重心”的环境立法变革增进环境法的实效.     

传统文化语境下生态心理疗法在城市公园的推广

从传统文化价值观的角度论证了增进心身健康(潘菽的心身理论)是城市园林的首要功能,并以园艺疗法为理论基础拓展其内容为生态心理疗法。提出了城市公园是否可将少部分的草坪区革新成全民健身的乐活角的问题。在举例宋明时期以疗养心身为目的的园林典范的基础上,综合园林史、中医史、社会生活史论述了生态心理疗法治愈心灵创伤的机制作用;再以现代城市公园为例,阐释了推广乐活角的可行性和改造设计草坪景观的方法;最后,总结了当代城市社会心理疾病增多的现实以强调实现生态心理疗法推广的重要性。     

残疾人心理健康服务需求的调查分析

本研究使用自编残疾人心理健康服务需求问卷,对864个残疾人进行施测,旨在调查和了解我国残疾人心理健康服务需求的现状,为残疾人心理健康服务体系的建设提供依据。结果表明：超过1／3的残疾人对自身的心理健康水平评价较低,68．4％的残疾人认为心理健康很重要,90．2％的残疾人认为接受心理健康服务很重要,说明残疾人对心理健康服务的认识和接纳程度较高,需求意愿强烈。在具体的服务目标方面,24．5％的残疾人期望通过心理健康服务能够使家庭生活幸福,21．2％的人希望获得良好的社会适应,19．7％的人希望达到人际和谐。服务内容方面,44．7％的人选择了对家庭婚姻问题的心理咨询,39．7％的人选择了提供心理保健知识。在心理服务形式方面,39．9％的人选择求助兼职或专业的心理咨询人员,28．8％的受访者选择了从朋友家人那里寻求支持,而剩余31．4％的受访者选择了什么也不做或自己解决。在具体的形式方面,41．4％的人选择了求助心理热线,38．2％的人选择了专业心理咨询。在选择机构方面,以社区服务站和社区的主页心理服务机构为主,分别占25．5％和25．3％。调查还表明现实生活中残疾人心理健康服务的开展力度较弱。     

重大公共卫生事件背景下的青年思想政治教育工作

新冠疫情的暴发作为一场全球性重大公共卫生事件对青年思想状况产生了较大影响。思想政治教育必须回应青年的思想关切,并给予及时的引导。基于重大公共卫生事件做好思想政治教育工作有五个基本着力点,即：以树立正确的灾难观为着力点,培养危机意识和担当精神;以倡导科学应对疫情为着力点,提高理性思辨能力和自我防护能力;以讲好中国抗疫经验为着力点,增强四个意识,坚定四个自信;以反思人与自然关系为着力点,增强自然保护意识和生态文明理念;以关注全球抗疫大局为着力点,筑牢人类命运共同体意识。