Community involvement in land regularization for informal settlements in Tanzania: A strategy for enhancing security of tenure in residential neighborhoods

This paper documents and analyzes how landholders managed to uplift status of their neighborhood from hazard land as designated by the 1978 master plan to a regularized residential settlement through land regularization in Dar es Salaam city. Specifically, explores policy framework governing land regularization and how the local community explored the opportunities it offers. Documents the local community planning and land regularization processes undertaken focusing on land use planning, drainage construction, and cadastral survey and discuses how financial resources were raised, trust was built as well as factors which sustained community involvement towards meeting their interests of securing tenure. The paper also, draws challenges facing land regularization policy and recommends areas for further interventions commensurate with the human dimension challenges in securing tenure.Underlying community involvement, those aspects of community, which have been connected to the idea of social capital namely existence of committed leadership in land development matters, embracing mechanism for participatory decision making process and educational background to local leaders were particularly important in determining success for the case. Others include economic ability to contribute, high proportion of landholder settlers, land conflict task force formulation, local consensus to solve commonly felt problems, existence of strong community organization, and unwritten norms put in place to regulate individual behavior in building construction. Weak legal recognition of informal settlement, lengthy and bureaucratic procedures in planning and approval of regularization plans, weak knowledge on land management matters, short-term title deeds with low financial betterments, political popularity are identified critical challenges.Some of recommendations put forward include formalization of the grass-roots role in decision-making, decentralizing some of land development control functions to sub-ward leaders and training the same in basic land management matters. Others include definition of norms; by-laws and government facilitation of informal land parceling. Besides community support should be sought so as to create partnership in the promotion of security of tenure in informal areas. The study concludes that, unless land development activities ongoing in informal settlements are closely monitored and regulated as the settlement grow, it will be too costly socially and economically to retrofit once the settlement have identified.     

资本结构研究的新发展:基于战略视角

从战略的角度看,企业的资本结构决策是基于公司战略、竞争战略以及企业所面临的竞争环境所作出的理性选择。把战略与资本结构连接,开辟了资本结构研究的新领域。企业的战略类型、企业管理者对风险的态度、企业所面临的竞争环境等战略因素对资本结构有着重要影响。     

论创新教育中的主体因素

创新教育是高等教育领域的一个新理念,开展创新教育具有深刻的意义.如何认识学生的主体因素,激发学生创新的心理动力,完善创新的知识结构和思维品质,增强创新的能力技巧,这是推进创新教育取得成效的中心环节.     

论一人公司治理结构

在顺应国际立法潮流之时,承认一人公司的合法地位势在必行.而一人公司治理结构的相应完善,更是一人公司良性发展的保证所在.因此,我国的立法有必要从简化股东大会、审查监事资格、设置会计监察人及加强职工参与等方面对一人公司治理结构加以完善.     

从《马桥词典》看韩少功的语言风格

通过随机抽取的语例分析,可见韩少功《马桥词典》的语言风格,具有“乡”气扑鼻的朴实美,同构连用的繁丰美,而这些特点的形成,与作者的社会阅历和文化接受有关。     

中古均田制度的农史观察

均田制是中国古代重要的土地制度之一,它的兴起与发展,与中古时代社会变迁与农业发展的宏观背景相联系:均田制与魏晋南北朝时期的民族大迁移、大融合相关联,既是中原既有生产关系与少数民族新型社会形态相结合的产物,也与民族迁徙而引发的农牧结构大调整和农牧技术的大发展密切相关。从这一视角出发亦可见均田制实施与隋唐盛世之联系。     

认知理论在多媒体“情境创设”中的应用

目前认知心理学的研究越来越多地被教育领域所采用和重视。本文从认知学习理论出发,以提高多媒体教学的学习效果为目的,论述了在多媒体教学设计中提供有吸引力和多样化的情境创设的重要性,并叙述了在多媒体教学具体应用中应如何体现情况创设的吸引力和多样必     

完善我国公司治理结构的路径探析

公司治理结构在当代的发展趋势之一是利益相关者共同参与公司治理。我国公司股权集中、内部人控制严重、外部监督机制失灵的治理现状,决定了完善我国公司治理结构的有效路径应是构建利益相关者共同参与的公司治理结构,即将非股东的其他利益相关者引入公司治理,直接参与公司的经营、控制与监督。     

优化我国能源结构的基本对策

我国能源结构存在着以煤炭能源为主、能源效率低、地区性能源短缺以及结构性污染等问题,严重制约着国民经济的发展和产业结构的提升.强化煤炭能源的基础地位、充分利用天然气、石油资源、发展可再生能源、充分利用国内外两种资源两个市场、调整区域能源结构等是优化我国能源结构的基本对策.     

基于主成分分析的我国西部地区间产业结构转换能力评价

产业结构的演进和转换是经济发展的本质特征,也是促进经济持续稳定协调发展的关键。西部地区产业结构转换能力的地区差异十分明显,本文阐述了影响地区产业结构转换的一般因素,并通过主成分分析方法对影响西部地区产业结构转换的主要因素进行了分析,并对西部各地区产业结构转换能力、转换速度以及转换方向进行了分析评价。