Bootstrap tests for time varying cointegration

This article proposes wild and the independent and identically distibuted (i.i.d.) parametric bootstrap implementations of the time-varying cointegration test of Bierens and Martins (2010 Bierens, H. J., Martins, L. F. (2010). Time varying cointegration. Econometric Theory 26:1453–1490.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). The bootstrap statistics and the original likelihood ratio test share the same first-order asymptotic null distribution. Monte Carlo results suggest that the bootstrap approximation to the finite-sample distribution is very accurate, in particular for the wild bootstrap case. The tests are applied to study the purchasing power parity hypothesis for twelve Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and we only find evidence of a constant long-term equilibrium for the U.S.–U.K. relationship.     

印度对中国崛起的认知

在中印共同崛起的大背景下,探究印度对中国崛起的认知尤为必要。通过皮尤＂全球态度调查＂项目的数据可见印度对中国崛起的认知呈现＂负面＂态势。究其原因,在个人层面,印度公众对中国的无知与冷漠以及某些媒体记者对中国的歪曲报道直接造成这一结果;在国家层面,中印之间在边界争端、西藏问题、中印巴和中美印这四个关键议题上存在分歧,而这些敏感的议题又通过媒体的肆意渲染而影响印度公众对中国崛起的认知;印度公众对中国崛起的认知源于中印之间存在的＂安全困境＂。     

Estimating the Conditional Error Distribution in Non‐parametric Regression

Abstract. We consider a general non‐parametric regression model, where the distribution of the error, given the covariate, is modelled by a conditional distribution function. For the estimation, a kernel approach as well as the (kernel based) empirical likelihood method are discussed. The latter method allows for incorporation of additional information on the error distribution into the estimation. We show weak convergence of the corresponding empirical processes to Gaussian processes and compare both approaches in asymptotic theory and by means of a simulation study.     

学习一语还是学习二语？——墨西哥聋孩E.M.现象分析

先天性聋哑的15岁男孩E.M.已经掌握了许多关于世界的知识.他在大脑中贮存知识的那种方式在功能上相当于普通人的语言,所以E.M.学习西班牙语是学习第二语言.因为聋哑人获得知识的方式不同,他们组织知识的方式和表达信息的方式也不同于从先辈那里获得知识的普通人,所以仅仅掌握粗糙知识系统的E.M.要学习精密细腻的有声语言很困难,并不是因为错过了语言习得关键期.     

Parental spanking and subsequent risk for child aggression in father-involved families of young children

This study examined separate and combined maternal and paternal use of spanking with children at age 3 and children's subsequent aggressive behavior at age 5. The sample was derived from a birth cohort study and included families (n = 923) in which both parents lived with the child at age 3. In this sample, 44% of 3-year-olds were spanked 2 times or more in the past month by either parent or both parents. In separate analyses, being spanked more than twice in the prior month at age 3, by either mother or father, was associated with increased child aggression at 5 years. In combined analyses, there was a dose–response association; the greatest risk for child aggression was reported when both parents spanked more than twice in the prior month (adjusted odds ratio: 2.01; [confidence interval: 1.03–3.94]). Violence prevention initiatives should target and engage mothers and fathers in anticipatory guidance efforts aimed at increasing the use of effective and non-aggressive child discipline techniques and reducing the use of spanking.     

The Physical Housing Environment and Subjective Well-Being Among Older People Using Long-Term Care Services in Japan

Abstract

For older people using long-term care services, the conditions of their life-space may be critical. The relationships between the physical housing environment and aspects of health were examined among older people in Japan (aged 65+ years, N?=?1,928) by multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Lack of safety, low access to emergency assistance, low or high indoor temperature, poor sanitary conditions, and state of home disrepair were significantly associated with negative aspects of health among people with low activities of daily living (ADL) independence. Home care service providers and policymakers need to consider the importance of appropriate environmental conditions for the most vulnerable groups.     

Information Aggregation in Dynamic Markets With Strategic Traders

This paper studies information aggregation in dynamic markets with a finite number of partially informed strategic traders. It shows that, for a broad class of securities, information in such markets always gets aggregated. Trading takes place in a bounded time interval, and in every equilibrium, as time approaches the end of the interval, the market price of a “separable” security converges in probability to its expected value conditional on the traders' pooled information. If the security is “non‐separable,” then there exists a common prior over the states of the world and an equilibrium such that information does not get aggregated. The class of separable securities includes, among others, Arrow–Debreu securities, whose value is 1 in one state of the world and 0 in all others, and “additive” securities, whose value can be interpreted as the sum of traders' signals.     

语料库基于频数研究对“注意假设”的影响浅析

语料库语言学以真实的语言数据为研究对象,从宏观的角度对大量的语言事实进行分析,从中寻找语言使用的规律。以语料库基于频数的研究、二语习得中的“注意假设”为出发点,从理论上论证将语料库应用于外语教学的可行性。外语学习的途径是语言学习过程中一个极为重要的环节,针对这个方面,从理论的角度阐述语料库基于频数的研究以及影响注意的因素,并结合实例探讨了如何利用语料库基于频数的研究对注意产生的影响,实现对外语的学习。     

语言输出理论与英语教学策略研究

作为语言习得环节的最末端,输出常被认为是二语习得的标志,对二语习得过程意义不大。然而Swain的输出假设则指出输出能引发学习者的注意,具有检验假设作用和元语言作用。通过实证研究考察了输出各环节,如输出方式、输出目的、输出反馈以及输出频率对语言习得的作用,进而指出外语教学中教师应给以输出足够的重视,真正实现互动教学,创造积极有效的二语学习环境。     

Evaluation of performance of European cities with the aim to promote quality of life improvements

This paper explores the possibilities presented by DEA to assess quality of life and evaluate the performance of city managers in what concerns the promotion of urban quality of life. Using the data provided by the Urban Audit program, from the European Union, we defined the city profile regarding quality of life for 206 cities. Two approaches are presented: the construction of a composite indicator of quality of life and the assessment of local management performance, contextualised by the GDP per capita to measure the ability of local authorities to promote quality of life given the economic condition of the country. The results identify the cities with urban best practices and present a model of intervention for the cities considered inefficient, based on benchmarking principles.