Two-dimensional generalisations of dynamic programming for image analysis

Dynamic programming (DP) is a fast, elegant method for solving many one-dimensional optimisation problems but, unfortunately, most problems in image analysis, such as restoration and warping, are two-dimensional. We consider three generalisations of DP. The first is iterated dynamic programming (IDP), where DP is used to recursively solve each of a sequence of one-dimensional problems in turn, to find a local optimum. A second algorithm is an empirical, stochastic optimiser, which is implemented by adding progressively less noise to IDP. The final approach replaces DP by a more computationally intensive Forward-Backward Gibbs Sampler, and uses a simulated annealing cooling schedule. Results are compared with existing pixel-by-pixel methods of iterated conditional modes (ICM) and simulated annealing in two applications: to restore a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image, and to warp a pulsed-field electrophoresis gel into alignment with a reference image. We find that IDP and its stochastic variant outperform the remaining algorithms.     

Nonparametric control charts based on runs and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics

In this article, we introduce three new distribution-free Shewhart-type control charts that exploit run and Wilcoxon-type rank-sum statistics to detect possible shifts of a monitored process. Exact formulae for the alarm rate, the run length distribution, and the average run length (ARL) are all derived. A key advantage of these charts is that, due to their nonparametric nature, the false alarm rate (FAR) and in-control run length distribution is the same for all continuous process distributions. Tables are provided for the implementation of the charts for some typical FAR values. Furthermore, a numerical study carried out reveals that the new charts are quite flexible and efficient in detecting shifts to Lehmann-type out-of-control situations.     

灾疫伦理学：一种生态文明的话语方法

灾疫伦理学作为一门新型的综合性应用型人文科学,以生态理性哲学为指导,拷问频频爆发的当代灾疫之难的历史性生存之因,引导当代人类从伦理学角度入手检讨自我,重建生境,重续人与自然宇宙、生命世界的亲缘性存在关系,恢复日常生活的安全感、稳定性和生存的家园归宿感。灾疫伦理学的最高使命,就是为当代人类开创生态文明构架起一座全新的实践理性桥梁。这座桥梁即是负载灾疫伦理认知体系、观念体系、价值体系和方法体系的生态理性实践话语体系,它以＂灾疫伦理＂为基本范畴,以＂生境重建＂、＂生态利益＂、＂生态安全＂为核心概念,以灾疫防治宏观伦理方案设计和微观伦理方案实施为两维指向。     

缺失数据时两个对数正态分布的估计和检验

讨论了部分缺失数据两对敷正态分布的参数估计和关于总体相同的似然比检验.证明了估计的强相合性和渐近正态性,给出了似然比检验统计量的极限分布,并讨论基于精确分布的检验问题.     

文化体制改革困境的政治学思考

文化与政治的关联性决定了政治学是审视文化体制的一个重要视角。文化体制改革在取得进展的同时也面临重重困境。文化属性被泛政治意识形态化、政治体制改革的制约、文化权力主体职能的越位与缺位是文化体制改革困境的政治学根源。     

简论“农地转非”后的土地利益分配关系

现行征地制度使“农地转非”后形成的土地利益分配关系存在着非公平性,其本质特征是失地农民权益的大量流失。为此,应在创新征地制度的基础上,通过建立合理的征地补偿和利益分享机制,对不公平的土地利益关系进行调整,最大限度地保护失地农民权益。     

“原生态”唱法热后的冷思考

本文就“原生态”唱法的划分、中国当代学院派声乐教育的发展、“原生态”唱法的评定标准以及“原生态”唱法的传承和发展等四个方面提出自己的思考。     

美国通用语言的发展策略及其特征

英语成为关利坚的通用语言,是英国殖民者和美国主流社会在其宗教使命感、文化优越感和强烈的母语情结的作用下,依靠军事、经济、文化实力对土著印第安人、非英裔白人和黑人等民族语言同化和融合的产物。它的实质是语言同化外衣下对少数族裔文化认同的瓦解和再造,是建立美国英语在全球语言霸权的初次演练。     

清代礼学研究的特点

清代以来,移风易俗成为儒者的新使命。在这样的背景之下,礼学逐渐兴起,并迅速以狂飚之势披靡天下,挑战程朱理学。清代礼学的研究以考证为基础,以经世为目标,体现出考经求礼、循器明礼、以情释礼、因事研礼的特点。礼学家们藉考证以明礼意、达人情、经世用,使礼学在清代达到了一个鼎盛的局面。     

日、唐律令官人出身制度的比较研究

通过日、唐律令官人出身制度的分析比较可以看出,古代日本的贡举(科举)实际上是作为荫位制的一种附属形式而存在,从这个侧面可以发现日、唐政体的异同,探究古代日本政治体制的发展进程。