“以德治党”之我见

中国共产党作为执政党,治国必先治党,“以德汉国”必先“以德治党”。“以德治党”要注意处理好四个方面的关系。     

身份等级制与多元价值观--德川身份等级制初探

日本德川时代阶级统治的支柱身分等级制,首开政治与经济二元分离的先河,将政治和经济领域分别交给统治者与被统治者,士农工商都有只属于自己的社会资源.德川幕府260多年的和平,经济文化的迅速发展,都与身分等级制下身分、职业、道德、多元价值与社会秩序的整合密不可分.最重要的意义还在于,从历史因果关系来看,身分等级制的基础--权力与财富分离,弱化了统治者自身,武士走上了自我消亡的不归路,农工商则得到了相对独立的发展.各得其所、多元追求的价值观念,大众在职业生活中形成的许多属于"现代化"的因素,预先为日本现代化的高速发展创造了条件.     

高校"推优"工作的基础、点与面、制度

优秀团支部建设是高校推荐优秀团员青年入党工作的基础,党团校、社团载体是此项工作全面铺开的主阵地及其外围延伸,党内生活、任务担子与相关团、学活动则发挥锻炼重点对象实践素质的作用,双向责任,"一对一"联系人、定期考察鉴定,党团衔接则是保证"推优"过程规范化的好制度.     

认真落实“三个代表”的要求，努力加强学校领导班子和干部队伍建设

江泽民同志提出的“三个代表”的科学论断 ,是我们党的立党之本 ,执政之基 ,力量之源。在高校认真落实“三个代表”的要求 ,就要始终不渝地加强党的领导 ,治理好领导班子 ,充分发挥一把手的表率作用 ,深入推进党风廉政建设 ,树立正确的用人观念     

提高认识转变观念加快实施素质教育的步伐

"应试教育"向素质教育转变是我国基础教育改革的方向和目标,其前提是教育思想观念的转变.本文认为教育思想观念的转变应该以马克思主义教育观和邓小平教育理论为指南,在认识上实现三个统一,实现全社会教育工作者和学生家长教育观念向"素质型"教育观念的转变.     

Use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo Analysis with a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Methylmercury to Estimate Exposures in U.S. Women of Childbearing Age

A Bayesian approach, implemented using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis, was applied with a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of methylmercury (MeHg) to evaluate the variability of MeHg exposure in women of childbearing age in the U.S. population. The analysis made use of the newly available National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) blood and hair mercury concentration data for women of age 16–49 years (sample size, 1,582). Bayesian analysis was performed to estimate the population variability in MeHg exposure (daily ingestion rate) implied by the variation in blood and hair concentrations of mercury in the NHANES database. The measured variability in the NHANES blood and hair data represents the result of a process that includes interindividual variation in exposure to MeHg and interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics (distribution, clearance) of MeHg. The PBPK model includes a number of pharmacokinetic parameters (e.g., tissue volumes, partition coefficients, rate constants for metabolism and elimination) that can vary from individual to individual within the subpopulation of interest. Using MCMC analysis, it was possible to combine prior distributions of the PBPK model parameters with the NHANES blood and hair data, as well as with kinetic data from controlled human exposures to MeHg, to derive posterior distributions that refine the estimates of both the population exposure distribution and the pharmacokinetic parameters. In general, based on the populations surveyed by NHANES, the results of the MCMC analysis indicate that a small fraction, less than 1%, of the U.S. population of women of childbearing age may have mercury exposures greater than the EPA RfD for MeHg of 0.1 μg/kgg/day, and that there are few, if any, exposures greater than the ATSDR MRL of 0.3 μgg/kgg/day. The analysis also indicates that typical exposures may be greater than previously estimated from food consumption surveys, but that the variability in exposure within the population of U.S. women of childbearing age may be less than previously assumed.     

Consumer Selection of Food-Safety Information Sources

The aim of this study is to examine the preferences of consumers for different information sources when they have a question about food safety. On the basis of a nationally representative survey conducted in the Netherlands, five distinct consumer groups are identified that not only differ on the reported use of information sources but also regarding several personality characteristics and sociodemographic variables. The empirical results show that two-thirds of the consumers are selective in their use of information sources and prefer either institutional or social sources. So, multiple information-acquisition patterns exist among the general public. The study illustrates how these findings can help to develop effective risk communication strategies.     

An Empirical Likelihood Ratio Test for Normality

The empirical likelihood ratio (ELR) test for the problem of testing for normality is derived in this article. The sampling properties of the ELR test and four other commonly used tests are provided and analyzed using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The power comparisons against a wide range of alternative distributions show that the ELR test is the most powerful of these tests in certain situations.     

Uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimation in lognormal and related distributions

The uniformly mimimum variance unbiased estimators and their variances from independent samples of lognormal distributions are concisely expressed using the hypergeometric functions