环境法执法机制研究

随着我国环境法立法体系的日益完善,加强环境执法已成为当前环境保护领域的焦点和难点问题。本文在分析了环境行政执法存在的问题及完善对策后,提出环境刑事执法的健全应以程序机制的完善为中心,并认为应从扩张民事诉讼主体资格和建立中立环境损害鉴定机构两个角度去完善当前的环境民事执法机制。     

Evaluating social investment in disability policy

Disability policy in European countries is displaying a shift towards social investment: increasing human capital and access to the labour market. The reasoning that underlies this transition is that disabled persons would benefit from mainstream employment, but are impeded in traditional policy by deficiencies in labour supply and demand. However, the shift towards more activating policies in many countries is accompanied by a decline in social protection. It is unclear whether social investment may effectively promote the employment chances of disabled persons within this context. The present research examines this question through a quantitative, cross-sectional, multilevel analysis on microdata from 22 EU countries. Our findings suggest greater activation to predict lower employment chances, while reducing passive support shows mixed effects. Conversely, measures for facilitation in daily life predict greater employment chances, as do measures for sheltered work. These findings raise questions over the value of social investment for disabled persons—and underline the need to overcome broader barriers in the labour market and in society.     

Non-tariff barrier on chicken imports into Russia: Impact on production,trade and prices

We analyze the Russian restriction on chicken imports as an example of a non-tariff barrier (NTB). Cointegration test results support the hypothesis that the NTB limited trade. We calibrate an equilibrium market model to cointegration results to assess the market impact. The tariff equivalent of the Russian chicken NTB is estimated to be 30 − 40% depending on the representation of consumer demand. Removing the NTB decreases domestic production by 4–5% and domestic price by 27%–34%, while imports increase by 326–423 thousand tons annually in 2015–2019.     

论环境贸易措施对WTO规则的影响

随着多边贸易体制的不断发展和完善,关税、配额、许可证等传统的贸易手段受到了越来越严格的约束。然而一些国家,特别是发达国家转而采用一些更为隐蔽的贸易措施对国内市场进行保护,环境贸易措施就是其中一种非常重要的并为许多国家所采用的一种新型的贸易保护措施。并且,这种贸易措施将对W TO的发展及其相关规则产生重要的影响。     

Child labour measurement: Whom should we ask?

Funding decisions to support vulnerable children are tied to child labour statistics, hence the importance of an accurate measurement. The author analyses whether the type of respondent plays an important role in explaining variations in child labour statistics. Using data from two sites in Tanzania, the analysis shows that “whom we ask” matters considerably when estimating the prevalence of child labour. The results suggest that prevalence increases by approximately 35 to 65 per cent when using child self‐reports rather than proxy reports. This bias affects 14 to 31 per cent of the sample, depending on the indicator. Discrepancies decrease as the child ages and increase if proxy attitudes demonstrate opposition to child labour.     

Leader negative feedback-seeking and leader effectiveness in leader-subordinate relationships: The paradoxical role of subordinate expertise

From a motivational perspective of feedback-seeking behavior, we examined the mediating role of leaders' negative feedback-seeking from subordinates in the relationship between the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) and subordinates' evaluation of leader effectiveness, along with the moderating role of subordinate expertise in the mediated relationship. Using 151 unique matched sets of leader and subordinate reports obtained from 5 large Korean companies, we found that the positive relationship between LMX and leader effectiveness was mediated by leaders' negative feedback-seeking. Additionally, the positive relationship between LMX and leader negative feedback-seeking was stronger when perceived subordinate expertise was lower. Lastly, the indirect effect of LMX on leader effectiveness through leader negative feedback-seeking was stronger when perceived subordinate expertise was lower. These findings were obtained after controlling for leaders' power distance and goal orientations that might influence their motives to seek or avoid feedback. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

京津冀节能减排政策措施的差异与协同研究

在对京津冀1981年以来节能减排政策措施进行量化处理的基础上,建立针对节能减排政策措施有效性的计量模型,分析了京津冀节能减排政策措施的演变状况,并探究京津冀节能减排政策措施对其节能减排效果影响的差异性.研究结果表明:京津冀节能减排政策颁布经历了早期各年份相对零散、缺乏连续性到新世纪以来政策颁布数量显著增多、政策总体力度逐渐增大的过程,但三地政策总效力的增加主要是由于节能减排政策颁布数量增多引起的;京津冀三地在政策的制定过程中更多的是趋于实现短期目标,政策整体缺乏系统性和权威性;人事措施、行政措施、引导措施、财税措施、金融措施等不同节能减排政策措施对京津冀节能和减排的有效性具有明显的差异;三地对不同政策措施的使用方式、使用程度方面存在明显的差异,这对京津冀协同推进节能减排的治理工作提出挑战.论文还从京津冀完善单一节能减排政策措施的使用、加强市场手段的应用及京津冀区域协同治理等方面提出了相应政策建议.     

微博时代我国主流意识形态面临的发展格局、挑战及其对策

微博时代,我国主流意识形态面临的机遇和挑战并存。微博的迅猛发展和强大功能,进一步拓展了我国主流意识形态的发展空间,深刻地改变了我国主流意识形态的发展格局。同时,微博也成为各种意识形态争夺的阵地;微博蕴含的政治力量挑战了国家的政治议程;微博谣言泛滥消弱了民众对我国主流价值观的认同。这些都给我国主流意识形态建设带来严峻的挑战。对此,我国主流意识形态必须有所作为,对微博的负面效应进行有效的制度化解和积极应对,确保我国主流意识形态建设稳定、持续、健康的发展。     

贝叶斯方法和频率方法比较研究

频率学派和贝叶斯学派作为统计推理中的两个最重要的方法,对于这两种对立的研究方式的站队选择显然影响着研究者的研究活动。占有霸主地位的频率学派尽管是后来者,显然占有着优势的地位,而今年以来贝叶斯方法的复苏,重新向频率派发起挑战。文章从概率的产生作为开始,简单地介绍了统计的发展历程,并分别对这两种方法选择的实用、重要的可操作标准给予分析,认为两种方法各有利弊,对两种方法的选择应结合实际情况选择。     

高校科研经费管理中存在的问题及对策研究

近些年来,我国高校科研经费大幅度增长,科研项目种类日益繁多,给科研经费的管理提出了新的挑战。目前,我国高校科研经费管理中存在着各地各校虽宽严不一,但模式相同,缺乏区别管理,相关部门和责任人各自为政等问题。究其原因是责任意识缺乏和制度建设滞后。解决这些问题的根本出路是通过宣传教育提升相关部门和行为主体的责任意识。有效措施是实行区别管理制度,强化相关职能部门和课题责任人之间的沟通与协调,采取适度灵活的管理政策,有区别地适当提高项目组成员劳务费比重,实行项目主持人责任制。