怀疑论难题与认识的语境论的解决策略

知识的形成与确证是认识论的重要问题。围绕这个问题,语境论与怀疑论进行了长期的争论。认识的语境论认为,知识的形成与确证是依赖语境的,也即,知道还是不知道某个命题的意义在语境中是能够确定的,怀疑论则认为知道还是不知道与语境无关,知识不能确证,并举出各种例子如斑马案例予以反驳。为此,怀疑论者提出了怀疑论难题挑战语境论的主张,语境论内部则形成了诸如条件语境论、相关选择语境论等来回应怀疑论。无论双方争论的结果如何,怀疑论难题的提出为认识的语境论的产生与发展提供了契机,极大地推进了认识论的发展。     

Social capital and the impact of the recent economic crisis: Comparing the effects of economic and fiscal policy developments

In this contribution, we offer an analysis that evaluates the impact of the recent financial and economic crisis on social capital. An economic crisis offers a unique chance to study people's associational lives, volunteering, network-making, and trust-building under duress. Theoretical perspectives on the relationship between social capital and economic development emphasize a reciprocal relationship between the two. Therefore, we hypothesize that if economic performance is compromised, this might lead to an erosion of social capital. More importantly, however, we also argue that states can actively intervene by means of fiscal policy measures. We will illustrate our approach by comparing 29 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries before and after the crisis. Using qualitative comparative analysis, we demonstrate that imperatives related to fiscal policy stimuli provide leverage on social capital development.     

Bayesian comparison of diagnostic tests with largely non-informative missing data

This work was motivated by a real problem of comparing binary diagnostic tests based upon a gold standard, where the collected data showed that the large majority of classifications were incomplete and the feedback received from the medical doctors allowed us to consider the missingness as non-informative. Taking into account the degree of data incompleteness, we used a Bayesian approach via MCMC methods for drawing inferences of interest on accuracy measures. Its direct implementation by well-known software demonstrated serious problems of chain convergence. The difficulties were overcome by the proposal of a simple, efficient and easily adaptable data augmentation algorithm, performed through an ad hoc computer program.     

Protective legislation: The “third pillar” of the welfare state

Welfare states are built upon three central social policy pillars: (1) income programs, including an assortment of income maintenance and security benefits; (2) social services, comprising a diverse constellation of provisions, which furnish care such as health care and education, and “in kind” benefits; and (3) protective legislation, encompassing a dense web of proactive and preventative laws, rights, and entitlements, such as health and safety legislation, minimum wage laws, child protection acts, rent controls, and laws governing evictions and foreclosures. Despite its centrality to the welfare state and to our well‐being, this third pillar has received considerably less attention in comparative social policy research. The dominant welfare state typologies have focused almost exclusively upon income measures and, more recently, on social services, to construct their welfare state categories or “worlds” of welfare while largely neglecting this crucial third pillar. A greater focus on protective welfare legislation can help sharpen the distinctions among welfare states within and across the welfare worlds, which is particularly valuable in light of the ongoing erosion of the other two pillars over the past few decades.     

对个人诚信的思考

＂彭宇案＂引发了我国社会中对＂个人诚信危机＂的思考。比较中国历史的诚信观和西方社会的诚信观可以看出,诚信具有普遍性、继承性、不可或缺性的共同特点,但中西方诚信观也存在着明显的差异性。文章分析个人诚信缺失的表现和危害以及诚信缺失的原因,提出建立个人诚信体系应从构建诚信政府、利用法律严惩违规失信者和加强诚信道德教育等方面入手。     

加强高校学籍管理工作的探析

本文通过分析当前在学籍管理制度、学籍管理系统与管理队伍建设等方面所存在的问题,从而提出五项相应措施,这些对加强高校学籍管理具有重要意义。     

新生代农民工权益保障存在的问题及对策

新生代农民工是城市建设大军的重要组成部分,但他们在融入城市的过程中各种合法权益不能得到有效保障。文章在客观分析新生代农民工权益受侵原因的基础上,提出了维护新生代农民工权益的系列对策。     

基于CDIO的机械设计专业方向课程群新体系研究

CDIO教育是为生产、建设、管理、服务第一线培养适用的高等技术应用性人才。而建立和培养一支符合CDIO教育发展要求的"双师型"师资队伍,是CDIO教育成功的根本保证。文章分析了CDIO模式下我国工科院校教师队伍培养存在的误区、CDIO模式下我国工科院校"双师型"教师的具体内涵、提出了CDIO模式下工科院校"双师型"教师培养的具体措施。     

Conservation of Resources theory in the context of multiple roles: an analysis of within- and cross-role mediational pathways

Based on the Conservation of Resources theory, we used data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS I, 1995–1996; N=1779) to estimate by covariance structure analysis the direct and indirect effects of work and family demands, resources, and support on psychological distress. In a new application of the theory, we estimated six within-role mediational pathways linking work-related predictors to psychological distress through work interfering with family (WIF) and family-related predictors to psychological distress through family interfering with work (FIW). Finally, in a departure from previous work–family research, we estimated six cross-role mediational pathways linking work-related predictors to psychological distress through FIW and family-related predictors to psychological distress through WIF. Ten of the 12 hypothesized mediational effects were significant and another was marginally significant, supporting the mediational role of work–family conflict within Conservation of Resources theory.     

“十二五”时期中国面临的国际经济环境

“十二五”时期,中国面临复杂多变的国际环境,如何把握住未来10年的黄金增长期,是一个巨大的挑战。中国必须抓住未来发展的机遇,建立一致对外的出口和进口协调机制,着力提高企业的研发创新能力,提高人才、资本、产业、市场的国际化水平,形成自主发展的中国模式,从战略上把握自己的命运。