回归抑或转向:后现代语境下的美国文学伦理学批评

在20世纪90年代,曾经长期被打入“冷宫”的文学伦理学批评又悄然占据了美国学界。在后现代语境下,文学批评的伦理转向并非是向传统的简单回归,而是被赋予了新的内涵和承载了新的使命。投身于文学伦理学批评建设的理论家们由于其出发点和策略的不同基本形成了两大阵营新人文主义派与解构主义派,他们共同构成了一道后现代语境下的美国文学伦理学批评景观。     

论篇章的文体变异及其理据

篇章分析的功能语言观认为,篇章文体的变化是受其情境中的三个因素制约的:话语范围决定着篇章中概念和命题意义的选择;话语基调影响着篇章中主体互联的程度;话语方式限定着篇章形式的构成。它们形成篇章中文体变异的理据并分别与篇章中的表义功能、人际功能和语篇功能这三大宏观功能相照应,其功能和应用范围决定了它们在篇章分析中的重要性。可见,只有把言内语境和言外语境分析结合起来,才能得到对一个篇章意义的完整理解。     

Context matters: Using mixed methods timelines to provide an accessible and integrated visual for complex program evaluation data

The need for conducting evaluations which reflect of the influence of context on complex programs is increasingly recognized in the field of evaluation. Better data visualization techniques for connecting context with program evaluation data are needed. We share our experience developing a mixed methods timeline to visualize complexity and context with evaluation data. Mixed methods timelines provide a meaningful way to show change over time in both a visually stimulating and accessible format for evaluation audiences. This paper provides an innovative example of using mixed methods timelines to integrate evaluation data with key program activities and milestones, while also showing internal and external contextual influences in one cohesive visual. We present methods and best practices for collecting contextual data and for incorporating a variety of data sources into such a visual. We discuss several strategies to collect and organize context related data including: qualitative interviews, program materials, narrative reports, and member checking with stakeholders and staff. Gathering multiple perspectives is essential to better capture the multi-layered elements of program activities and context.     

新媒体环境下应用型本科院校思想政治教育存在的问题及对策研究

随着新媒体时代的到来,为应用型本科院校思想政治教育模式奠定结实基础,应用型本科院校的思想政治教育面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。通过对应用型本科院校学生特点的分析以及当下应用型本科院校对于新媒体课程的开展情况调查来分析在新媒体环境下,应用型本科院校所面临的挑战及应对措施。     

Gender equality regimes and evaluation regimes in Europe and their implications for policy design and evaluation

PurposeThis article starts from the assumption that it is important for the evaluation of gender equality interventions in RTDI (Research, Technology Development and Innovation) to consider its context regarding gender equality regime and evaluation culture because this context does influence effects and long term impacts of such activities. It aims to provide key characteristics for the differentiation of gender equality regimes and evaluation regimes to be considered when designing policy interventions or evaluating specific gender equality interventions in RTDI.Design/methodology/approachAfter a literature review of relevant typologies for welfare state and gender equality regimes, it was analysed to which extent the seven EFFORTI countries correspond to certain typologies based on the data basis of the context research performed in the EFFORTI project. For this context research, international/national and qualitative/quantitative data regarding the relevant framework conditions were firstly collected for each of the EFFORTI countries and secondly compared in a cross-country analysis.FindingsThe research showed that when it comes to gender equality policies, most EFFORTI countries can either be assigned to the Social-Democratic category or Conservative Equal Employment Regime category in the typology of von Wahl (2005), with the latter type tending to provide less favourable conditions for women in the general labour market as well as women in RTDI (e.g. overtime culture). In how far these different types of context can have an impact on the evaluation of interventions can be exemplarily illustrated using case studies carried out as part of EFFORTI.Connecting the typologies for gender equality policy with evaluation regimes has not proved fruitful, as the two discourses have only begun to converge in recent years. The evaluation regimes and cultures of the respective countries have therefore been described independently. However, it was shown that countries with more expertise in certain areas (e.g. gender, evaluations) developed more routinized and institutionalised procedures in the respective field.Originality/valueConsidering the different framework conditions is relevant when it comes to evaluation as different national contexts might require different policy and designs of activities, but might also shape the interventions’ effects. This article therefore aims to provide support in this regard for future evaluations of gender policies.     

语境的维度理论及其对语篇翻译的影响

翻译是一种复杂的交际活动,语篇是翻译的客体。正确的理解是准确传译原文内容的基本前提,语境是影响译者对原文正确理解的重要因素。语篇意义的实现所依赖的语境因素既是宏观的又是微观的,因此对于语境的研究应该是多维度的。本文阐述了语境的维度理论:语境的交际维度、语用维度和符号维度,以及维度理论对语篇翻译的影响。     

麦尔维尔《白鲸》当下语境解读

在分析名著时,很少有人把作品文本所反映的信息话语在当下语境解读,更多的是在历史语境中阐释。本文就麦尔维尔的《白鲸》从作家所处的社会时代背景出发,观照作家创作的社会前瞻意识进行当下语境的解读,充分认识文学名著在当下社会的意义,了解作家的创作意图。     

语境分析在翻译教学中的应用——以2010年TEM8英译汉为例

语境是决定语义的一个重要因素,语境分析是帮助学生理解和翻译的基础,在翻译教学中具有十分重要的作用。本文以2010年TEM8英译汉为例,结合学生的误译问题,具体从言内语境、情景语境和文化语境三个方面,指出如何在翻译教学中进行语境分析,帮助学生正确理解原文,提高翻译能力。     

文体学理论对大学英语教学促进作用的探究

文体学作为一门开放发展的理论研究学科,主要研究语言风格,且在很多领域中发挥着重要作用。基于英语文体学理论,从语境、写作、阅读、翻译方面进行探究,呈现了文体学对大学英语教学的具体促进作用。     

语境与英语词汇教学

词汇教学在英语教学中的地位举足轻重,针对目前词汇教学中普遍存在的问题,论文在论述语境决定词义,正确理解词义和依靠语境把握词义的基础上,提出运用语境理论进行词汇教学是行之有效的方法。语境有语言语境和非语言语境。教师要运用具体语境帮助学生领会词的内涵意义和语用意义,消除理解中的歧义,培养猜词能力。因此教师在词汇教学中应利用语境理论尽量将词呈现在语境中教授,促使词汇的直接教授和词汇的自然习得有效结合。