新闻发言人礼貌语言中模糊限制语的运用

新闻发言人身份、职业的特殊性及交际对象的传播性,新闻发言人不仅需要直截了当地发布新闻信息,有时也需要委婉、模糊其态度和观点。使用模糊限制语是新闻发言人礼貌表述的一种非常重要的策略。对新闻发言人礼貌语言中模糊限制语的使用及其功能、类别进行研究,具有现实语用意义。     

静态语境、动态语境与电视节目主持人语言

随着强势媒体——电视的崛起,电视受众变得越来越广泛,收看电视的随意性也变得越来越大,这就决定了受众之间语境的差异性。语境有静态语境和动态语境之分。静态语境因素是认知语用推理发生的条件,是认知语境的来源,是认知语境的补充。对话语的理解不仅要依赖静态语境,也要依赖人的认知语境。正因为如此,电视节目主持人在做节目时,就不得不根据受众的认知语境情况对自己的语言做必要的转换和补偿。     

模糊语言在英语新闻中的运用

语言具有模糊性,然而对于始终强调准确性、精确性的英语新闻又怎么样呢?本文从英语语言的模糊性,报道者所处的环境以及新闻自身的特点等方面,阐述了英语报道存在的模糊现象。     

新时代中国语境下宗教的社会适应

宗教是人以之创造自己的一种文化形式,这种创造离不开社会语境。新时代中国的社会现实要求中国宗教必须坚持中国化发展方向,与社会主义社会相适应。中国宗教要在保留自身目的的同时适应并整合社会目的,在复杂行动体系中协调各种原本矛盾的行动,在国家最高领导力、教职人员的带动影响力及信教群众根本创造力的张力中进行整合。     

现代主义之后环境艺术审美的理性思考

现代主义之后理性主义的审美潮流,将美的环境创造解析为一个原创构思的理性演绎过程。开拓环境潜在美学特征,尊重并保护环境自然与历史文脉,创造晶莹剔透高下曲折的动态三维空间与五彩缤纷绚丽多姿的动态三维图像,使之成为公众聚会的地方,体验诗意人生的摇篮与激发原创思维的智慧源泉。     

A Study of Risk Relevance Reasoning Based on a Context Ontology of Railway Accidents

With the application of risk management and accident response in the railway domain, risk detection and prevention have become key research topics. Many dangers and associated risk sources must be considered in collaborative scenarios of heavy-haul railways. In these scenarios, (1) various risk sources are involved in different data sources, and context affects their occurrence, (2) the relationships between contexts and risk sources in the accident cause mechanism need to be explicitly defined, and (3) risk knowledge reasoning needs to integrate knowledge from multiple data sources to achieve comprehensive results. To express the association rules among core concepts, this article constructs two ontologies: The accident-risk ontology and the context ontology. Concept analysis is based on railway domain knowledge and accident analysis reports. To sustainably integrate knowledge, an integrated evolutionary model called scenario-risk-accident chain ontology (SRAC) is constructed by introducing new data sources. The SRAC is integrated through expert rules between the two ontologies, and its evolution process involves new knowledge through a new risk source database. After three versions of the upgrade process, potential risk sources can be mined and evaluated in specific contexts. To evaluate the risk source level, a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network model is used to capture context and risk text features. A model comparison for different neural network structures is performed to find the optimal evaluation results. Finally, new concepts, such as risk source level, and new instances are updated in the context-aware risk knowledge reasoning framework.     

Expanding evaluator competency research: Exploring competencies for program evaluation using the context of non-formal education

The overlap of competencies between general program evaluation and specific contexts or content will always be reality because evaluators may need unique competencies to answer evaluation questions for particular contexts or content areas. Limited research exists that explores the essential competencies required by professionals who use evaluation as one part of their job portfolio, which leaves unanswered questions regarding the applicability of current evaluator competency models in such settings. We used a modified three-round Delphi technique to identify evaluator competencies for non-formal educators in Cooperative Extension (CE). Our panelists identified 36 competencies in the non-formal educational programming context for CE educators that they considered important to be included in evaluation capacity building efforts. We categorized our 36 identified competencies from the Delphi study into the five competency domains proposed by the American Evaluation Association. Our findings provide information to help guide professional development among non-formal educators related to program evaluation.     

语境与翻译中语义的选择

语境在翻译过程中对意义的理解起着至关重要的作用.本文从语境的概念、意义的特性入手,对语境与意义的选择,从语言语境与语义选择和非语言语境与语义选择两方面进行了探讨,从而得出结论:翻译中语义的选择不能脱离具体的语境而孤立存在.翻译即为结合具体语境的翻译.     

关联理论看幽默及对中国相声的话语分析

以语用学中Speber和Wilson所提出的关联理论为框架,从认知角度来解释幽默话语。指出理解幽默话语是人们通过对已知信息推理的不断修改与重考而找到最佳关联——幽默的真谛。同时因读者在理解时付出更多努力而获得补偿——开怀一笑。并以此为基础对传统幽默——中国相声进行分析研究,指出其幽默根源在于错误推理的表面合理性,即说话者选择的最佳关联与听话者心中的最佳关联产生鲜明的对照和冲突,旨在探求关联性和幽默之间的关系,以期待对言语幽默有更好的理解和欣赏。     

读《关于“存在”和“是”》一文的几点意见

本文是对汪子嵩、王太庆先生《关于“存在”和“是”》一文的回应。作者首先对希腊语词eimi作了几点补充 ,进而介绍巴纳斯对巴门尼德estin的逻辑主语的研究 ,最后表明作者在译名问题上的立场