外资并购国有企业的法律管制问题

外资并购国有企业是投资的热点,但存在“超国民待遇”、国有资产流失、国有股利益和债权人利益的保护、平等竞争及反垄断等问题。要解决这些法律问题,我国应借鉴发达和发展中国家管理并购的经验;同时,从我国实际出发,制定相关法律,逐步对外资实行国民待遇,加强国有资产评估的监督,规范并购程序,保护债权人的利益。     

汉代官吏的优抚制度

汉代官吏优抚制度是汉代官吏管理制度的重要构成部分,包括致仕后的优待和逝世后的抚恤.官员致仕后的优待主要有带俸致仕、遣使存问、奉朝请、赠赐财物等.官员逝世后则有天子临丧和素服、诏书褒奖、赠印绶、荫子、以沙书棺等政治性抚恤和赠赙、赠冢地等经济性抚恤.但不管哪种形式,都因皇帝对死者的器重程度不同而缺乏明确的规范,从而出现了很大的随意性.     

论我国外资法与《TRIMs协议》的接轨

在我国即将成为WTO成员国之际,加强对<TRIMs协议>的深入研究,早已成为时不我待的课题.本文通过我国外资立法与<TRIMs协议>的比较,详尽阐明我国外资法中存在的与<TRIMs协议>不相符的TRIMs与国民待遇原则不相符的TRIMs及与一般取消数量限制原则不相符的TRIMs.并针对我国外资法中存在的上述TRIMs提出应因对策及时调整与完善我国外资立法及配套措施.     

关爱抑或歧视——男女不同龄退休制度分析

男女不同龄退休制度是就业领域中的性别歧视,但是对此性别歧视的认定不能简单地归结为基于性别的差别对待的存在,因为并非所有的差别对待都是歧视。应该在对就业歧视的构成要素及抗辩事由进行阐释的基础上,对男女不同龄退休制度的歧视性进行分析。     

Socially disadvantaged women's views of barriers to feeling safe to engage in decision-making in maternity care

BackgroundAlthough midwifery literature suggests that woman-centred care can improve the birthing experiences of women and birth outcomes for women and babies, recent research has identified challenges in supporting socially disadvantaged women to engage in decision-making regarding care options in order to attain a sense of control within their maternity care encounters.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to provide an understanding of the issues that affect the socially disadvantaged woman's ability to actively engage in decision-making processes relevant to her care.Research designThe qualitative approach known as Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to gain an understanding of maternity care encounters as experienced by each of the following cohorts: socially disadvantaged women, registered midwives and student midwives. This paper focuses specifically on data from participating socially disadvantaged women that relate to the elements of woman-centred care-choice and control and their understandings of capacity to engage in their maternity care encounters.FindingsSocially disadvantaged women participants did not feel safe to engage in discussions regarding choice or to seek control within their maternity care encounters. Situations such as inadequate contextualised information, perceived risks in not conforming to routine procedures, and the actions and reactions of midwives when these women did seek choice or control resulted in a silent compliance. This response was interpreted as a consequence of women's decisions to accept responsibility for their baby's wellbeing by delegating health care decision-making to the health care professional.ConclusionThis research found that socially disadvantaged women want to engage in their care. However without adequate information and facilitation of choice by midwives, they believe they are outsiders to the maternity care culture and decision-making processes. Consequently, they delegate responsibility for maternity care choices to those who do belong; midwives. These findings suggest that midwives need to better communicate a valuing of the woman's participation in decision-making processes and to work with women so they do have a sense of belonging within the maternity care environment. Midwives need to ensure that socially disadvantaged women do feel safe about having a voice regarding their choices and find ways to give them a sense of control within their maternity care encounters.     

鸦片战争后美国在华获得片面最惠国待遇问题探析

最惠国待遇条款是近代中美关系史上的一项重要条约内容。从1844年中美签订《望厦条约》起,美国即紧随英国之后在华获得了片面最惠国待遇。美国能够获得这项条款,与英国对华谈判的既定立场、清政府对美谈判所持的"一视同仁"方针、美国来华缔约谈判的既定目标,以及英美在谈判过程中的遥相呼应都有关系。而这项条款的措辞,界定了最惠国待遇极广泛的外延解释余地,并且在内容上规定了中国单方面给惠,由此才形成了中国近代史上贻害无穷的广泛的片面无条件最惠国待遇条款。     

WTO的和谐理念初探——WTO法的一种中国式解读

对和谐、和谐世界的向往,不是中国特有的,而是一种人类的共性。WTO语境下的和谐理念可以解析为"非歧视原则"中蕴含的平等观、法价值冲突的协调平衡原则以及对发展中国家(尤其是最不发达成员)的特殊与差别待遇等。多哈部长会议宣言从多方面实现了WTO和谐理念的进一步发展,体现了作为现行最为重要和行之有效的国际经济规则的WTO制度对将建立兼具自由、平等、有序、发展的和谐世界经济作为其最终价值追求的重视。     

谈发展中的高校社区医疗保健

就高校医疗保健机构如何适应社会主义市场经济、如何适应国家的卫生体制 3项改革、适应高等教育发展等问题 ,探讨了高校医疗保健的现状及高校社区医疗保健的任务。从社区卫生诊断角度出发 ,研究了高校社区具有的特点 ,提出了健全高校社区医疗保健机构的对策 ,把高校的医疗机构演变成社会化的公益的社区卫生服务机构作为奋斗目标     

浅谈专业课的教学

专业课教学中的趣味性及授课方式的巧妙性,能激发学生的学习兴趣,营造轻松、愉快的学习氛围。     

A Warning Zone Method for the Multiperiod Cost Variance Investigation Problem

This paper develops a warning zone approach to make variance investigation decisions for a multiperiod process. The assumed cost generation process varies between an in-control and out-of-control state. These states cannot be directly observed, but must be inferred from the reported cost variances. Using the warning zone method of inference, the manager investigates the process whenever an upper threshold is exceeded or a lower threshold is exceeded for two consecutive periods. A four-state Markov chain models the resulting decision process. Steady state probabilities are derived for this chain and are used to obtain explicit formulas for the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision process. These formulas permit computation of the cost savings attainable by the warning zone method. Compared to other decision rules, the warning zone method is much simpler than the theoretically optimal Bayesian revision method, but uses more information than the Markovian control limit method. Numerical comparison of results shows that the warning zone method usually captures most of the available cost savings, even in cases where the Markovian control limit method does not perform well.