关于渭河流域实施排污权交易制度的立法建议

从相关立法看,对渭河流域水污染的治理主要采取了传统的行政方式。为提高渭河水污染治理效率,促进陕西经济社会的可持续发展,有必要借鉴美国和我国上海、江苏等地比较成熟的做法,采用市场的方法即排污权交易来治理渭河流域水污染,这有利于促进企业技术革新,降低整个社会的治理成本,比单纯的行政方法更为迅速和有效。因此,应进行地方立法,规定可交易污染物的范围、排污权的初始分配方式、交易的程序等,以规范排污权交易市场;同时,确定渭河的环境容量总量以确定可供分配的指标,构建信息平台以降低交易费用及保障公民的知情权。     

浅析高校后勤社会化财务内控体系

目前,我国高校后勤社会化财务内部控制制度存在着理论滞后、实践不一的问题,解决这些问题应遵循合法性原则、成本效益原则、稳定性与灵活性相结合原则、全面性原则、规范化,程序化原则,采取完善内部控制制度,加大内部监控力度;完善外部监督机制,发挥外部监督作用;适时进行审首行动;果断采取有效隔离内部控制的对策,从而提高高校后勤社会化财务内部控制的有效性,使高校后勤财务内部控制制度能真正更好地保证我国高校后勤社会化的顺利、健康、快速发展。     

取消民族成份作假考生录取资格的合法性质疑

对于民族成份作假骗取高考加分的考生,教育行政部门作出的取消录取资格的处理,在性质上属于行政处罚,应当遵守《行政处罚法》的有关规定。有关行政规范性文件不属于法的渊源,民族成份作假考生的行为不是应当受到行政处罚的违法行为,对考生实施行政处罚缺乏事实根据。行政规范性文件无权设定行政处罚,依据有关行政规范性文件取消考生录取资格,缺乏法律依据。有关部门取消考生录取资格也没有遵循《行政处罚法》规定的程序,不具有合法性。     

以产业化和市场化促进城市垃圾处理业的发展

垃圾围城的现状已引起全社会的广泛关注,城市垃圾处理问题日益严峻.本文针对目前我国垃圾处理行业的缺陷和不足,提出一个"收运-分类-处理-回收再利用"的城市垃圾处理的发展模型,并具体阐述了一个产业化、市场化的运作方案,即通过转变政府机制、打破传统观念、改革管理体制、鼓励投资多元化、明晰产权归属和培育垃圾产业链,最终实现一个以市场为导向、以企业为主体、以效益为中心、以科技为后盾的高效的垃圾处理产业.     

论企业信用风险的管理与控制

随着我国市场经济的进一步发展,以赊销为代表的信用销售发展也很快。如何加强应收账款管理,防范信用风险,避免坏账损失,成为众多企业面临的一个重大问题。作者对此问题进行了分析,阐述了当前企业信用风险的现状与成因,并结合我国国情和企业实际,探讨了在新形势下有关信用风险的管理与控制问题。     

建国初期的城市公共卫生治理述论

建国初期党和政府面对民众居住环境问题,像厕所和垃圾问题等,以及饮用水问题等多种公共卫生的建置课题,大力开展城市公共卫生宣传和教育,积极采取有效措施,实施重点建设和重点改造,加强环境卫生工程建设,努力改善民众居住环境,使城市公共卫生事业取得了巨大成就.有力地保障了人民的健康安全,保障了我国经济建设的顺利进行.     

A Warning Zone Method for the Multiperiod Cost Variance Investigation Problem

This paper develops a warning zone approach to make variance investigation decisions for a multiperiod process. The assumed cost generation process varies between an in-control and out-of-control state. These states cannot be directly observed, but must be inferred from the reported cost variances. Using the warning zone method of inference, the manager investigates the process whenever an upper threshold is exceeded or a lower threshold is exceeded for two consecutive periods. A four-state Markov chain models the resulting decision process. Steady state probabilities are derived for this chain and are used to obtain explicit formulas for the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision process. These formulas permit computation of the cost savings attainable by the warning zone method. Compared to other decision rules, the warning zone method is much simpler than the theoretically optimal Bayesian revision method, but uses more information than the Markovian control limit method. Numerical comparison of results shows that the warning zone method usually captures most of the available cost savings, even in cases where the Markovian control limit method does not perform well.     

A Bayesian Approach for Analyzing Results of Vehicle Collision Tests

Certain motor vehicle safety standards stipulate a collision test speed and a set of performance criteria that vehicles must satisfy during or after the collision test. For example, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 301 requires a 30 mile per hour (mph) barrier collision and specifies a certain maximum allowable limit on the total spillage of fuel. Vehicle designs are required to meet this standard; however, when collision tests are conducted at speeds higher than the standard, vehicles do not always satisfy the performance criteria. This paper develops a mathematical model for estimating the probability of meeting the standard by using a Bayesian framework to incorporate engineering judgment with collision test results. The model is based on the idea that there are random features to a vehicle's ability to meet performance standards in a collision, especially at such elevated speeds. Example calculations are included to illustrate the estimation of the probability of meeting the standard and to compare it with a maximum likelihood approach.     

Open Order Rescheduling in Job Shops with Demand Uncertainty: A Simulation Study

This paper addresses the problem of open order rescheduling in a job shop. Results are reported of experiments conducted in a simulation model of an 8-machine job shop. Four different order updating policies are examined. The due-date process is modeled to include several realistic features about the pattern of due-date variability. These features are parameterized and tested at several levels. Tardiness results indicate that open order rescheduling is beneficial only when allowances are loosely set. The results indicate that inventory performance is improved by order rescheduling, particularly in cases when due dates are revised to earlier times than originally forecast.     

未成年人犯罪的刑法处遇——刑事政策视域下的学理解释

未成年人犯罪的刑法处遇是我国刑法适用中的一个永恒的主题,基于未成年人的特殊主体身份,产生了与之相对称的以教育为主、以惩罚为辅的刑事政策理念,并在刑事立法和刑事解释中得到了最大限度的发挥。其中学理解释在弘扬该刑事政策的基础上,在未成年人犯罪的刑法处遇上倡导:对刑法典第17条第2款的解释和适用,应坚守行为说+罪名说的限定方式;在未成年人犯罪的刑罚处遇上,预防是刑罚适用的正当化依据,应从刑罚种类的限制性适用、刑罚裁量制度的扩张性适用及刑事和解等方面加以实现。