Burn-out as a crisis in self-efficacy: Conceptual and practical implications

This paper reviews the central role of self-efficacy expectations in a variety of approaches to organizational performance and management. It also explores the implications of self-efficacy for the study of psychological burn-out. It is proposed that conceptualizing burn-out as a crisis in self-efficacy would allow a more reasonable understanding of moderate instances of the syndrome, and would differentiate the concept of burn-out distinctly from the related field of occupational stress. The paper proposes the utility of a more specific construct of professional efficacy in light of the essential achievement experiences which occur in the workplace. It is proposed that a clearer delineation of the role of professional efficacy throughout these research approaches would enhance the coherence of the field. In conclusion the paper discusses implications for research and practice.     

压缩空气站的恒压节能运行

本文介绍利用斩波式串级调速闭环系统,实现高功率因数条件下压缩空气站的送气恒压,用气量与主轴电机转速成比例连续调节的节能运行方案.     

Double machine operation and psychological strain

This study examines the effects of double machine operation on psychological strain. CNC drilling machine operators' reactions to their job were monitored as they rotated between three different work conditions; single machine operation, double machine operation, and double machine operation with additionally high responsibility for products. Results show no effect of double machine operation on strain where responsibility was low. Double machine operation under the condition of high responsibility, however, was found to increase strain.     

企业内部控制机制对创新模式选择的影响分析

本文通过理论分析建立了企业内部控制机制与创新模式之间的理论模型,提出了企业内部战略控制与企业的突变创新正相关,与渐进创新负相关,企业内部财务控制与突变创新负相关,与渐进创新正相关的假设,并通过实证分析验证了这些假设,为企业创新选择提供了理论支持。     

控制权转移与企业业绩

本文利用1997-2001年发生控制权转移的企业为样本,运用因子分析方法,研究了控制权转移与企业业绩之间的关系,创新性地对企业业绩从盈利性和增长性两方面进行分解评价,并进一步辨识了并购行为的特征。研究结论:(1)与市场整体水平相比,控制权转移企业中业绩较好的企业占27%,业绩较差的占22%,业绩中等的占51%;(2)控制权转移虽然能短暂地提升业绩,但并不能长久提升;业绩短暂提升是通过业绩增长实现的,而企业盈利能力始终没有提升;(3)控制权转移的财务性并购特征高于战略性并购特征。     

Closing the Loop: An Empirical Analysis of the Dynamic Decisions Affecting Product Variety

Product variety decisions have become a key issue in managing new product development and innovation. The marketing literature highlights how product variety influences consumer demand. The operations and supply chain management literature discusses the impact of product variety on production and operational costs. However, very little has been found about how these past performance outcomes may influence present variety decisions. We consider product variety and performance outcomes in a dynamic decision loop by testing the forward impacts of product variety on demand and cost, as well as the reverse influences of past performance on present product variety decisions. Using archival data from the distribution network of a U.S.‐based soft drink bottler, we develop a balanced panel dataset of 3,666 observations over three years containing product variety, cost, and demand data. Our results suggest that both past demand and past cost outcomes may influence present variety decisions, with the demand impact occurring more rapidly than the impact of cost. Moreover, we investigate curvilinear impacts of product variety on the performance measures and find that product variety influences both demand and cost performance at diminishing marginal rates. From a theoretical perspective, our study better models the interplay between product variety and performance outcomes, while from a professional perspective, we help supply chain managers to better plan for the outcomes of their product variety decisions.     

中国人口出生控制成效的比较分析

中国 ①的计划生育工作起始于 2 0世纪 5 0年代。从 1 95 5年到 1 971年 ,中国推行的是一般性的家庭计划生育政策 ,从 1 971年至今 ,中国推行的是家庭计划生育与国家计划生育相结合的政策。如果不实行任何形式的计划生育政策 ,2 0 0 0年末中国人口将会达到 1 8 5 8亿 ,如果象印度那样只倡导自愿实行家庭计划生育 ,将会达到 1 5 3 2亿。过去 45年中 ,中国一共少生了 5 88亿人 ,其中由于实行国家计划生育政策少生了 2 6 2亿人 ,而一般性的家庭计划生育政策少生了 3 2 6亿人。计划生育为中国的社会经济发展做出了巨大的贡献     

安乐死的成本与效用分析

安乐死问题已经引起越来越多人的关注,涉及的问题也十分广泛。本文从经济学角度对于安乐死进行分析,以期从安乐死对于个人、家庭、社会的影响以及安乐死存在的原因、意义的角度探讨中,使人们对于安乐死有一个更深入的了解。     

马尔萨斯“两种抑制”的观点及解脱“人口陷阱”的制度条件

马尔萨斯以推动社会进步为目的,主张采取多种预防性办法来抑制人口。马尔萨斯提出了解脱“人口陷阱”所必须的制度条件,并把有效抑制人口增长、改善人民生活的社会途径归纳为：一种充满就业机会、多样性选择的社会条件,将会最大限度地激发人们的个人努力,并在有效的法律保护下激励人们遵从一种更加理性的生活方式。马尔萨斯的一些人口经济思想至今仍然具有学术价值。     

出生性别比控制政策的认知及社会支持——对湖北省8县市的调查分析

基于 2 0 0 3年 7月“湖北省性别比控制的社会政策分析”抽样调查数据的分析 ,发现 :多数人支持出生性别比控制政策 ,其中对于宏观的控制政策支持率高 ,而对于一些可能与自身利益冲突的具体控制政策 ,很多人持保留态度 ;地区间对政策的认知和支持存在差异 ;性别间的认知和支持也存在差异 ;而年龄对出生性别比社会控制的影响不明显。