中国农村儿童健康不平等及其影响因素研究——基于CHNS数据的经验研究

本文使用“中国家庭营养与健康调查”（CHNS）数据,测度了中国农村儿童健康不平等程度,重点计算了收入、医疗保险、母亲教育水平等因素对健康不平等的贡献。回归基础上的集中系数及其分解结果显示：我国农村地区存在亲富人的健康不平等,高收入家庭儿童的健康状况更好;健康不平等主要的贡献因素是父母亲收入、母亲教育程度、母亲工作状况、父亲身高等：收入对于儿童健康不平等的贡献最大,但不同的收人类型表现出一定的差异。父母亲的工资收入对于儿童健康不平等的贡献为正,收入不平等会扩大健康不平等;医疗保险的不平等程度不断扩大,进一步强化了健康不平等。     

我国人口老龄化水平的区域差异及其分解研究

本文运用方差及其分解等区域差异研究方法,定量分析了我国人口老龄化水平在东、中、西部及省际问的差异,结果表明：我国的人口老龄化水平区域差异不均衡,东、中、西部区域对应人口老龄化水平的“高、中、低”。区际间的差异及东部区域的省际差异有减小的趋势但是总体省际间差异却在不断扩大．尤其是中部和西部区域的省际差异。为此,需要社会共同努力应对人口老龄化水平不均衡所带来的影响。在此基础上,提出了相关的对策措施。     

Why do Socioeconomic Differences in Women’s Living Standards Converge After Union Dissolution?

Union dissolution is a critical event for women’s living standards. Previous work has found that women in high-income unions lose more from union dissolution than women in low-income unions. This study proposes two mechanisms to explain this “convergence” in living standards. The compensation mechanism concerns the ability to compensate the loss of partner earnings with alternative sources of income, whereas the partner independence mechanism concerns how much women stand to lose from dissolution in the first place. To test these mechanisms, the author drew on a unique administrative dataset from the Netherlands, covering women who experienced dissolution within ten years after union formation (N = 57,960). A decomposition analysis showed that convergence was not driven by compensation: women from all income groups decreased their household size and re-partnered, women from low-income unions increased transfer income, and women from high-income unions increased personal earnings and decreased tax payments. Instead, convergence was driven by partner independence: women from lower-income unions depended relatively less on their partners because they relied more on transfer income prior to dissolution. These results demonstrate how partners’ interdependence moderates the consequences of life events. The welfare state plays a crucial role in this process.     

Collective bargaining levels,employment and wage inequality in Spain

After the increase in inequalities following the Great Recession, studies on wage bargaining systems have increasingly focused on wage inequality. This research examines wage inequality associated with collective bargaining levels in Spain, based on matched employer–employee microdata and quantile regression methods. These methods are applied across the wage distribution, following the method proposed by Firpo et al. (2011), to estimate wage premiums associated with agreement levels and to decompose the wage differentials observed at different points of the wage distribution. From the evidence obtained it can be concluded that, although the higher wages found in firm-level agreements are explained by the better observed characteristics of firms and workers covered by these collective agreements, there remains a positive wage premium. Although this premium is seen throughout the wage distribution, it favours mostly workers in the middle and upper-middle end. This slightly increases wage inequality in comparison with sectoral agreements. In contrast, workers without collective bargaining coverage generally suffer a wage penalty. This penalty is only observed on the left of the wage distribution. It becomes a significant wage premium in the upper end of the distribution, which implies a significant increase in wage inequality. In short, the evidence of this research suggests that reducing the coverage of collective bargaining could be associated with a significant increase in wage inequality. A better policy option for countries with a predominant sectoral model, such as Spain, would be to move towards an organized decentralization model. This would cause significant gains in employment as suggested by OECD (2019) and only a slight increase in wage inequality.     

The relationship between societal change and rising support for gender egalitarianism among men and women: Results from counterfactual analyses in the Netherlands, 1979–2012

This study examines the relationship between important social, cultural, economic, and demographic changes and the rise of support for gender egalitarianism within the Dutch population between 1979 and 2012. Cohort replacement, educational expansion, secularization, and the feminization of the labor force are important processes that have taken place in western societies in ways that may have fostered support for gender egalitarianism. Using unique data from 16 repeated cross-sectional surveys in the Netherlands, we estimate age-period-cohort regression models, and the outcomes are subsequently applied in counterfactual simulation designs. Our results show that the social, cultural, economic, and demographic changes explain only a small part of the modest rise in support for gender egalitarianism for men, while they provide a much better explanation of the stronger rise among women. Especially the replacement of older female cohorts by younger ones seems to have propelled support for gender egalitarianism among women throughout the years.     

An integrated supplier selection and inventory problem with multi-sourcing and lateral transshipments

In this research, we consider the supplier selection problem of a firm offering a single product via multiple warehouses. The warehouses face stationary, stochastic demand and replenish their inventory via multiple suppliers, to be determined from a set of candidates, with varying price, capacity, quality, and disruption characteristics. Additionally, the warehouses may simultaneously replenish their inventory from other warehouses proactively. With these characteristics, the problem is a multi-sourcing, supplier selection, and inventory problem with lateral transshipments. Even though the benefits of multi-sourcing and lateral transshipments have been presented in the literature individually to mitigate risks associated with uncertain demand and disrupted supply, the intertwined sourcing and inventory decisions under these settings have not been investigated from a quantitative perspective. We develop a decomposition based heuristic algorithm, powered with simulation. While the decomposition based heuristic determines a solution with supplier selection and inventory decisions, the simulation model evaluates the objective function value corresponding to each generated solution. Experimental results show, contrary to the existing literature, inferior decisions may result when considering the selection of suppliers solely on unit and/or contractual costs. We also evaluate the impact of multi-sourcing with rare but long disruptions compared to frequent but short ones.     

直接消耗系数连续性修订————加入规模经济的扩展

 综述了直接消耗系数修订的必要性和各种现有的修订思路。在满足修订基本前提下，加入规模经济将完全竞争框架扩展到垄断竞争框架。这种修正方法使得直接消耗系数在既定的时间点上满足线性假定（静态分析），但演进过程却成指数关系。对Malmquist指数分解不仅可以获得技术变化的测度，还可以计量技术使用效率的变化（包括纯效率和规模效率的变化），这使得直接消耗系数变化的来源更加清晰可见。连续性修订旨在发现长期跃迁的内在过程及其机理。     

增加值贸易视角下我国区际贸易成本的测算与分解

本文在Novy（2013）的基础之上，利用1997年、2002年与2007年区域间投入产出表，首次基于增加值贸易视角进行了中国区际贸易成本变动的测算与分解。结果显示：首先，不同于传统贸易流量的测度，基于增加值贸易视角的测度表明，1997-2007年的区际贸易成本不仅未有上升，反而大幅下降。其次，尽管当前的区际贸易成本有所下降，但是这种下降主要体现为以内陆地区和初级产品带动的低端化整合。最后，进一步地利用双边分解，本文发现低端化整合的迹象可能在于邻区偏少、产业同构度过高与政策缺失下，东部沿海更多利用国外需求进行替代所致。随着东部沿海的对外依赖程度提升，区际分工整合将会面临“初级产品分工整合加快→服务行业过度出口→遭受出口俘获→初级产品分工整合进一步加快”的恶性循环。因此，进一步转变发展观念、扭转市场分割激励、加快基础设施建设，才能从根本上提升区际整合质量。     

组块学习策略的本质属性

本文探讨以汉语为母语的英语词汇组块策略的本质属性：实用性，联系性，分解性和习惯性，得出组块策略符合认知原理。     

Tunisia after the 2011’s revolution: Economic deterioration should,and could have been avoided

The political instability and social unrest in Tunisia since 2011, generated a short-term foresight of the macroeconomic management which contributed to the deterioration of the country’s macroeconomic fundamentals. The objective of this paper is to provide the policy makers with quantitative arguments showing the importance to undertake the macroeconomic stabilization and the structural reforms that improve the total factor productivity, one of the main engines of a sustained economic growth. To that end, the paper employs a financial dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated using six flow-of-funds accounts representing the Tunisian economy in 2010. In a first stage, I reproduce the main macroeconomic variables observed for the Tunisian economy over 2011–2018. In a second stage, the model is used to compare the impacts of counterfactual policy scenarios on the Tunisian macroeconomic performance. The results show that the economy could perform much better, in relation to a battery of macroeconomic indicators (economic growth, unemployment, public external and domestic debts, current account, fiscal balance) under alternative economic policies. The most insightful results are obtained under the scenario of a total factor productivity’s growth progressing at its average level of 2001–2010. Indeed, this could generate an average yearly gain in terms of GDP growth of 3.45 percentage points and a reduction of the average unemployment rate by 7 percentage points over the same time horizon.