基于技术多样性的专利申请人与审查员的引证行为差异

近年来,专利引文越来越多地被用于技术路径研究、技术会聚、技术扩散等技术领域间的知识活动研究,但并未有效区分申请人引用和审查员引用,现有技术领域层面对申请人和审查员引用差异的对比研究还停留在较为浅显的统计层面。将技术类别间的差异性引入到申请人引用和审查员引用的对比研究中,在技术类别分布基础上,探究专利技术类别多样性视角下申请人引用和审查员引用的知识来源差异,并对其开展相关性分析。研究结果表明:专利申请人引用涉及的技术类别范围更广,而审查员引用则更集中于本技术类别;对大部分技术类别,申请人引用的技术类别多样性要高于审查员引用,但两者呈现出显著的正相关性。     

Construction of uniform designs for mixture experiments with complex constraints

Abstract

Mixture experiments have attracted increasingly attention due to their great practical value in production and living, while uniform designs over irregular experimental regions have become a hot topic in the area of experimental designs in the past two decades. Noting that the experimental region of a mixture experiment with q components under some constraints is in fact a (q ? 1)-dimensional geometry, this article proposes a new method for searching nearly uniform designs for mixture experiments with any complex constraints. Two examples with some tables and figures are given to illustrate this method.     

Second order efficiency of the ban-estimators for the multinomial family

Rao (1961, 1963) introduced a measure of second order efficiency (s.o.e.) of a best asymptotically normal (BAN) estimator and obtained the s.o.e's of some well known estimators of the parameter of the multinomial family. Koorts (1985) dealt with a calss of BAN estimators and derived the s.o.e, of the estimator belonging to this class. In this paper we derive a general expressiion for the s.o.e. of a BAN estiimator based on its estimating equation.     

从偏见视角解读医患关系

偏见是个体以不正确或不充分的信息为依据,并对其他人形成先入为主的负性判断,泛化至群体中则会表现为人们对某群体产生片面或错误的认知。文章从消极刻板印象、期望差异与归因偏差这三个角度解释了医患群体产生偏见的心理机制,在此基础上讨论偏见对医患关系造成的消极影响,并结合社会现实提出减少医患双方偏见的方法。     

基于教育实习质量的同异反评价

提供了一种教育实习质量的评价模型．     

Generalized discrete discrepancy and its applications in experimental designs

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the study of discrete discrepancy. In this paper, the popular discrete discrepancy is extended to the so-called generalized discrete discrepancy. Connections among generalized discrete discrepancy and other optimality criteria, such as orthogonality, generalized minimum aberration and minimum moment aberration, are investigated. These connections provide strong statistical justification of generalized discrete discrepancy. A lower bound of generalized discrete discrepancy is also obtained, which serves as an important benchmark of design uniformity.     

从动词“吃”看英汉动宾结构概念化差异

通过对比分析由英汉高频动词“吃”构成的动宾结构,发现英汉动宾结构的语义兼容性呈现较为明显的不对称性,而导致该不对称性的认知根源则是英汉两民族在动词概念化过程中所形成的概念化差异,概念化差异对语言结构具有区别性作用。     

基于英汉逻辑差异的学术语篇长句汉译策略研究

翻译西方学术文献的主要目的在于促进国内外学术交流和信息传播。然而,由于英汉两种语言的逻辑差异,学术语篇中的长句,一直是翻译中的难点。以学术语篇中由于逻辑差异而导致翻译误差的长句为例,对学术语篇中长句汉译从翻译策略角度进行尝试性的探讨,归纳总结出学术语篇中长句的英汉逻辑差异类型,并对每种类型的长句提出具体的翻译办法,以期促进翻译的实践与教学。     

从动词“吃”看英汉动宾结构概念化差异

通过对比分析由英汉高频动词"吃"构成的动宾结构,发现英汉动宾结构的语义兼容性呈现较为明显的不对称性,而导致该不对称性的认知根源则是英汉两民族在动词概念化过程中所形成的概念化差异,概念化差异对语言结构具有区别性作用。     

否定焦点的确定与歧义的消除

英语中的一般否定由于各种原因往往在形式和意义上出现不一致的现象,常常导致理解上的歧义。因为这种结构可能只是形式上的一般否定,实质上已经发生了否定转移,即用作了对句中某一成份进行否定的特指否定。因此,正确把握否定焦点对于消除否定歧义,保持交际的顺利进行至关重要。通过典型例句分析,探讨了发生否定转移的原因,提出了确定否定焦点消除歧义的办法。