对我国是否出现两极分化的基本判断

中国的收入差距和收入分配矛盾已经达到了相当大的程度。不同的学者运用不同的分析方法和判断标准 ,对中国是否已经形成收入分配的两极分化得出了不同的结论。要对收入差距的状况做出客观认识 ,必须要有客观的标准。把静态标准、动态标准、居民心理承受力标准和政治标准综合起来分析后认为 ,尽管收入差距已经使贫富差别出现 ,并有继续扩大化的迹象 ,但是从总体上来说 ,仍在社会的可承受范围之内 ,并没有形成两极分化。当务之急 ,是积极采取各种措施 ,防止两极分化的产生     

省级区域城市化水平差异分析及调整研究——以湖南省为例

城市化水平是一个地区综合实力的反映。在理解城市化内涵的基础上,选取评价城市化水平的指标体系;借助SPSS11.0软件的支持,用主成分分析筛选出影响湖南省各地区城市化水平的主要因子,并计算出各地区城市化水平的综合得分,依据其综合得分将各地区城市化水平分为四个层次;最后提出调整湖南省地区城市化水平差异的对策和措施。     

欧盟解决就业性别差异的措施及评价

20世纪70年代开始,欧盟逐步把社会性别平等的内在涵义纳入其社会政策,发展了由指令、建议和行动项目构成的相互关联又递进发展的就业男女平等政策。研究欧盟解决就业性别差异的政策与法律法规,对欧盟在解决就业性别差异的措施效果进行评价,进一步提出我国解决两性就业性别差异的建议。     

教师专业化与文化视野观照下的课程整合

如何构建并有效实施教师专业化,是目前我国教师教育改革进程中必须面对的一个重要课题,更是教师教育实现自身突破,重新确立教师培养核心地位的关键。教师专业化的最终实现,离不开课程结构的整合。借鉴和吸收西方文化在教师教育中凸显的丰富内容,充实和改造我们传统文化对教师教育课程结构的深层影响,建构富有鲜明时代气息和独特文化底色的教师教育课程体系是本文探讨的宗旨。     

Quasi-random resampling for the bootstrap

Quasi-random sequences are known to give efficient numerical integration rules in many Bayesian statistical problems where the posterior distribution can be transformed into periodic functions on then-dimensional hypercube. From this idea we develop a quasi-random approach to the generation of resamples used for Monte Carlo approximations to bootstrap estimates of bias, variance and distribution functions. We demonstrate a major difference between quasi-random bootstrap resamples, which are generated by deterministic algorithms and have no true randomness, and the usual pseudo-random bootstrap resamples generated by the classical bootstrap approach. Various quasi-random approaches are considered and are shown via a simulation study to result in approximants that are competitive in terms of efficiency when compared with other bootstrap Monte Carlo procedures such as balanced and antithetic resampling.     

On the choice of a discrepancy functional for model selection

Consider the problem of several mathematical models competing to explain an empirical phenomenon. it is argued that fundamental model selection questions of model discrimination, model correctness and model adequacy can be answered by measuring the discrepancy of each model from an estimate of the unknown data generating process. Formally, the framework adopted is that of Linhart and Zucchini (1986), who considered a very general definition of discrepancy. In the present paper, it is demonstrated that requiring a discrepancy to possess several very reasonable properties is in fact equivalent to requiring it to be a metric on the relevant space of probability distributions.     

Disparity,Shortfall, and Twice-Endogenous HARA Utility

We derive a mapping between the shortfall-minimizing portfolio selection based on higher-order entropy measures and expected utility theory. We show that the family of HARA utility functions has a minimum-divergence, shortfall-based representation. This facilitates an interpretation in which the risk aversion parameters and the type of risk aversion arise endogenously. We provide a numerical example illustrating this interpretation.     

Bayesian Model Selection: Measuring the χ2 Discrepancy with the Uniform Distribution

In the last years, many articles have been written about Bayesian model selection. In this article, a different and easier method is proposed and analyzed. The key idea of this method is based on the well-known property that, under the true model, the cumulative distribution function is distributed as a uniform distribution over the interval (0, 1). The method is first introduced for the continuous case and then for the discrete case by smoothing the cumulative distribution function. Some asymptotical properties of the method are obtained by developing an alternative to Helly's theorems. Finally, the performance of the method is evaluated by simulation, showing a good behavior.     

政策过程的绩效损失分析——以农村中小企业融资政策为例

随着经济学上由完全理性向有限理性过渡,政策学领域也逐步引入有限理性、甚至超理性的政策理念。政策过程的供需差异是未被满足的政策需求,分为供需双方存在信息交流的显性差异和未发生信息交流的隐性需求,其中隐性需求往往被忽视。政策过程的绩效损失主要来源于信息未达的沟通盲点、缺乏良好预期的沟通断点以及外在约束造成的行为偏差。通过对政策过程的绩效损失进行数理分析和实测,提出了以下补救措施:研制政策要科学化、规范化;管理政策信息要专门化;了解微观主体的行为约束,合理设定政策目标;提高政策受众的参与度,下情上达。