政策过程的绩效损失分析——以农村中小企业融资政策为例

随着经济学上由完全理性向有限理性过渡,政策学领域也逐步引入有限理性、甚至超理性的政策理念。政策过程的供需差异是未被满足的政策需求,分为供需双方存在信息交流的显性差异和未发生信息交流的隐性需求,其中隐性需求往往被忽视。政策过程的绩效损失主要来源于信息未达的沟通盲点、缺乏良好预期的沟通断点以及外在约束造成的行为偏差。通过对政策过程的绩效损失进行数理分析和实测,提出了以下补救措施:研制政策要科学化、规范化;管理政策信息要专门化;了解微观主体的行为约束,合理设定政策目标;提高政策受众的参与度,下情上达。     

中美文化差异探源

中美文化差异较大。中国人的认知以情境为中心,美国人则以个人为中心;中国人以被动的态度看待世界,美国人以主动的态度征服世界。中国人具有群体意识和中和意识,美国人具有个体意识和竞争意识;中国人喜欢中庸性,美国人强调排中性;中国人的思维方式体现在辩证思维上,美国人的思维方式体现在逻辑思维或分析思维上。从自然环境、劳动方式、民族历史、传统思想、社会认知以及文字构成等方面来探寻中美文化差异的渊源。     

论行政责任与民事责任的严格区分——以现行交通事故相关处理规定为例

行政责任是指违反国家行政法规所规定的行政义务或法律禁止事项而应承担的法律责任.其特征是:(一)行政责任以行政义务的存在为前提;(二)行政责任是违反行政义务的行为人应承担的法律责任;(三)行政责任种类呈多样化形式.民事责任是民事主体违反民事义务所应承担的法律后果,它是法律责任中一种独立的责任.其特征是:(一)民事责任以民事义务的存在为前提;(二)民事责任是违反民事义务的行为人应承担的法律责任;(三)民事责任主要是财产责任.严格区分行政责任和民事责任是促使立法质量"与时俱进"的重要因素之一.     

基于风险偏好差异性假设的动态决策过程研究

针对风险偏好差异性决策者共存时的决策过程进行研究,提出边求解边对决策者分类决策再进行信息融合的动态决策策略.从客观数据角度基于属性值相似关系提取有效属性并对有效属性进行赋权;根据决策者对决策活动的选择判断逐步嵌入风险偏好(风险偏好型、风险中立型、风险规避型);基于属性值之间的可能度与相似度,构建相应类型的风险偏好预期理论模型;在决策信息集结与决策对象排序过程中,根据决策者的风险偏好特征选择相适应的算法模型;针对风险偏好差异性决策者共存的情形,基于决策结果公平效用最大化的角度提出新的信息融合模型构建算法;通过实际案例进行分析并验证这一新方法的科学合理性.     

Linex discrepancy for bandwidth selection

A bandwidth selection based on Linex discrepancy is proposed for kernel smoothing of periodogram. The selection minimizes Linex discrepancy between the smoothed and true spectrums. Two estimators are introduced for Linex discrepancy. The bandwidth choice outperforms some common bandwidth choices.     

GMC/GEL estimation of stochastic volatility models

In this article we discuss the estimation of stochastic volatility (SV) using generalized empirical likelihood/minimum contrast methods based on moment conditionsmodels. We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the proposed methods have superior or equivalent performance to the other alternative methods, and, additionally, they offer robustness properties in the presence of heavy-tailed distributions and outliers.     

On the Correspondence Between Physiological and Nonverbal Responses: Nonverbal Behavior Accompanying Challenge and Threat

Little is known regarding the covariance between physiological and nonverbal responses to “stressful” situations. We argue that physiological markers are especially likely to be accompanied by psychologically-meaningful nonverbal behavior. Within “stressful” motivated performance situations, complex patterns of cardiovascular (CV) reactivity mark challenge and threat motivational states relevant to confidence. We expected the CV challenge and threat markers to be distinguished on the basis of facial and vocal confidence. In a test of this hypothesis, participants’ cardiovascular (CV) responses were recorded during a videotaped social interaction. As expected, the CV challenge marker was associated with more vocal confidence and less facial confidence than the CV threat marker. These findings are related to the complexity of human responses to motivated performances.     

A note on consistent estimation of Kullback–Leibler discrepancy in Poisson regression

A recent theorem by Hannig and Lee on consistency of their estimator of Kullback–Leibler discrepancy is re-proved under assumptions suitably modified to correct a fault in the original proof.     

钱钟书与林语堂散文的幽默品格及其文本差异

20世纪三四十年代同时提倡幽默文风的文学大家钱钟书与林语堂，其幽默品格各有特色，前者重“理”，深得西方随笔的理趣，充满了学者式的思辨与博弈；后者重“情”，即情调，情趣，是对中国古典散文精神的继承，追求士大夫的闲适与雅趣，这与晚明“性灵文学”的渊源一脉相承。他们横移与纵向继承所形成的不同幽默风格及其文本差异，丰富了现代散文的内涵，对散文审美体系的建立产生了重要影响。