我国医疗体制改革对医疗机构的挑战及对策

本文讨论了我国医疗体制改革给医疗机构带来的挑战,分析了医疗服务及其营销组合的特点.在此基础上,从实施差异化战略和改进医疗服务质量管理的角度,提出了迎接挑战的几个对策性建议.     

The Role of Perceived Discrepancy in Satisfaction Evaluation

This study investigates if satisfaction measures involve an implicit have-want comparison by examining the relationships between direct have-want discrepancy, amount, and satisfaction, which vary in their degree of explicitness. The have-want discrepancy measure explicitly asks respondents to rate the discrepancy between what they have and what they want. The amount measure requires respondents to think about the amount of discrepancy between what one has and what one wants, but does not explicitly ask about that. Finally, the satisfaction measure is assumed to incorporate a component of the have-want comparison but does not ask respondents to consider such a comparison in the question. Three hundred and thirty undergraduate students at National Taiwan University participated in this study. Correlation analysis showed that satisfaction has a closer relation with amount than have-want discrepancy. In addition, a mediation model in which have-want discrepancy influence amount, which then influences satisfaction, was generally supported in conventional mediation analysis and multilevel path analysis. In brief, this study showed that satisfaction measures involve an implicit have-want comparison.     

《新华字典》与《审音表》审音比较与思考

1998年 5月商务印书馆出版了《新华字典》修订本 ,按照最新的国家规范标准《普通话异读词审音表》对字音作了调整 ,但是我们发现新版《新华字典》并没有完全根据《普通话异读词审音表》来修订。为了便于人们更好地了解其差异 ,我们对《新华字典》修订本与《普通话异读词审音表》作了比较 ,提出了建立由各方人士组成的真正意义上的全国性的审音组织的构想 ,以彻底解决《新华字典》、《现代汉语词典》与国家规范标准三者彼此之间的差异 ,求得字音的统一。     

论我国民族差异和民族发展差距的长期存在

随着经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程的加快,各民族间的发展呈现出交融渗透和共同繁荣的趋势,各民族间的共同因素也在不断增多,但民族差异和各民族在经济文化发展上的差距将长期存在。这是民族和民族问题发展的一条客观规律,也是我国制定宏观政策和长期规划的一个基本出发点。     

新疆兵团区域经济发展水平差异的效应分析

该文以新疆生产建设兵团区域经济发展为研究对象,分析了兵团区域经济发展水平的差异状况以及差异的变化趋势,研究得出兵团区域经济发展水平的相对差异处于警戒线以下,而绝对差异远远超过警戒线,并在此基础上分析了这些差异对兵团经济发展带来的诸多影响。     

Fitting Gaussian Markov Random Fields to Gaussian Fields

This paper discusses the following task often encountered in building Bayesian spatial models: construct a homogeneous Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) on a lattice with correlation properties either as present in some observed data, or consistent with prior knowledge. The Markov property is essential in designing computationally efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms to analyse such models. We argue that we can restate both tasks as that of fitting a GMRF to a prescribed stationary Gaussian field on a lattice when both local and global properties are important. We demonstrate that using the KullbackLeibler discrepancy often fails for this task, giving severely undesirable behaviour of the correlation function for lags outside the neighbourhood. We propose a new criterion that resolves this difficulty, and demonstrate that GMRFs with small neighbourhoods can approximate Gaussian fields surprisingly well even with long correlation lengths. Finally, we discuss implications of our findings for likelihood based inference for general Markov random fields when global properties are also important.     

文化差异与俄语学习

文化是人类共有的财富 ,既有共性 ,也有个性。语言与文化是互为依托的关系 ,文化上个性的差异对语言学习有着重要的影响。该文从几个方面入手着重探讨文化差异与语言的关系 ,说明语言学习者要想真正通晓一门语言 ,不能仅仅停留在文字表面 ,还应了解这门语言背后的文化 ,并最终达到交际的目的     

英汉语篇衔接中省略的对比研究

省略是英汉语言中的一种常见现象。省略共分为三种主要类型,即名词性省略、动词性省略和小句性省略。英汉语言中都有主语省略、谓语省略、宾语省略等现象,但是在各自的运用中既有共性,也有差异性。通过对比两种语言中省略的应用,英汉两种语言形合及意合的特点及其背后折射出的中西方思维模式差异得到了体现。     

鸦片战争前明清对外经济关系的比较分析与启示

明代中国如能顺利通过传统经济走向衰亡的危机 ,资本主义发展的历史将会完全改写 ;清王朝本身有足够时间进入新的发展舞台并融入最早时期的全球化之中 ;经济的矛盾被严格限制于国内市场 ,高度的政治统一扼杀了制度性竞争的发展 ,使新制度难以出现、胜出甚至被创造性地模仿 ;为维持大一统的封建专制体制而耗尽对外经济所获巨额收入及全球化初期的有利环境是中国落后挨打的主因 ;全球化发展中当代人类要解决的问题不过是 1840年前明清中国问题的放大。当代中国在加强对外经济联系 ,融入世界大市场的同时 ,必须加快实现文化和政治的去旧迎新     

Multivariate process capability a bayesian perspective

In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the multivariate versions of the common process capability indices (PCI's) denoted by C_p and C_pk . Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are used to generate sampling distributions for the various PCI's from where inference is performed. Some Bayesian model checking techniques are developed and implemented to examine how well our model fits the data. Finally the methods are exemplified on a historical aircraft data set collected by the Pratt and Whitney Company.