THE CHOICE BETWEEN SETS OF REGRESSORS

This paper examines the choice of critical values for testing both non-sequential and nested sequential sets of constraints in the standard linear regression model. Modest increases in (e.g.) t-ratio critical values relative to their one-off values are often sufficient to maintain proper size. A Bayesian decision-theoretic approach, highlighted by the Schwarz (1978) criterion, provides a framework for deriving consistency and asymptotic local power properties of both forms of testing (data mining) algorithms.     

王蒙意识流小说的修辞建构

新时期初,王蒙在小说创作中对西方现代主义的"意识流"手法进行了大胆尝试。他的意识流小说既具有现代派小说的基本特点,又融入了民族的文化积淀与审美情趣,以中国式的人文精神,从现实的感受出发来规范意识的流向,形成了独具特色的"东方意识流"。     

.Net下基于GDI＋的数码照片信息提取

由于数码相机存储容量的限制,导致不同批次拍摄的照片命名相同而出现照片管理问题。利用GD I＋提供的关于位图操作的类,实现照片EX IF信息的提取并根据提取信息重命名照片,方便了数码照片的管理。     

地理距离、方言文化与劳动力空间流动

本文基于百度迁徙大数据研究中国劳动力的空间流动，系统考察地理和文化对劳动力流动的影响。通过构造流动机会比率，基于引力模型和普通最小二乘法的研究表明地理距离和方言距离阻碍劳动力流动。在空间距离上，劳动力偏好邻近城市，地理距离每增加1%，劳动力的流动机会比率降低约0.6%。在空间位置上，劳动力倾向于在方言文化相近地域范围流动，方言距离每增加1%，劳动力的流动机会比率下降2%左右。通过构造两地年均降水量差距和小麦种植适宜度差距作为方言距离的工具变量，以两阶段最小二乘法估计缓解内生性问题，估计显示结论稳健。考虑普通话因素后方言距离的抑制影响依然稳健，但目的地的高普通话普及率显著发挥促进劳动力流动的引力作用。最后，本文得出持续推广普通话、加强交通建设和深化中等教育的政策建议。     

多媒体信息的传输与控制技术

研究了标准局域网上的多媒体综合通信服务系统的传输与控制技术，设计了综合服务系统的功能，并拟定了硬件平台结构；着重论述多媒体数据流的设计，阐述了视频、静像和文件传送中的控制技术，还分析了语音媒体通信中的延时抖动问题及相应的控制方案，并介绍了实验系统     

A response to M. Stone: 'How not to measure the efficiency of public services (and how one might)'

Summary.  This is a response to Stone's criticisms of the Spottiswoode report to the UK Treasury which was responding to the Treasury's request for improved methods to evaluate the efficiency and productivity of the 43 police districts in England and Wales. The Spottiswoode report recommended uses of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), which Stone critiqued en route to proposing an alternative approach. Here we note some of the most serious errors in his criticism and inaccurate portrayals of DEA and SFA. Most of our attention is devoted to DEA, and to Stone's recommended alternative approach without much attention to SFA, partly because of his abbreviated discussion of the latter. In our response we attempt to be constructive as well as critical by showing how Stone's proposed approach can be joined to DEA to expand his proposal beyond limitations in his formulations.     

评《到灯塔去》中理性和感性的统一

弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫摒弃传统的自然主义写作方法,创作了意识流手法的扛鼎之作《到灯塔去》。书中主要人物面对现实世界的混乱、迷惘和虚无,进行着不懈奋斗,从而努力建立起理性和感性和谐统一的精神家园。     

Profit-oriented productivity change

This study develops an applicable profit-oriented productivity indicator when producers pursue profit maximization and can recognize input and output prices. We define the indicator, inspired by the Luenberger indicator and the Nerlovian efficiency measurement, in terms of both quantity distance functions and profit. Hence, the study׳s first stage decomposes the profit-oriented productivity change into two terms: profit efficiency change and profit technology change. Second, we decompose profit efficiency change into the changes in technical efficiency and allocative efficiency. Finally, profit technology change is separated into two components for capturing the shifts of technology and relative output/input prices. These decompositions provide a more complete picture of the sources of productivity change. We illustrate them with a sample of Taiwanese banks and compute the results using the models of directional distance functions.     

When Costs Are Unequal and Unknown: A Subtree Grafting Approach for Unbalanced Data Classification*

In binary classifications, a decision tree learned from unbalanced data typically creates an important challenge related to the high misclassification rate of the minority class. Assigning different misclassification costs can address this problem, though usually at the cost of accuracy for the majority class. This effect can be particularly hazardous if the costs cannot be specified precisely. When the costs are unknown or difficult to determine, decision makers may prefer a classifier with more balanced accuracy for both classes rather than a standard or cost‐sensitively learned one. In the context of learning trees, this research therefore proposes a new tree induction approach called subtree grafting (STG). On the basis of a real bank data set and several other data sets, we test the proposed STG method and find that our proposed approach provides a successful compromise between standard and cost‐sensitive trees.