论汪曾祺小说的叙事美学的边缘化

汪曾祺所追求的超功利的率性自然的美学思想在启蒙与救亡的双重变奏的现代文学中注定是一个边缘性的存在。即使进入新时期,政治与文学的蜜月期也让以天下为己任关心民瘼的作家以牺牲文学的启蒙的审美一维而获得了启蒙的文学的功利性的轰动效应,但他的秉性气质、生活阅历都决定了他的超功利性的审美叙事风格与主流文坛的格格不入。到了文学与政治分离回归文学本体的九十年代,失去了对文学的敬畏和职业操守的新新作家在与钱共舞的欲望泥淖中将文学打扮成码字儿的职业,嗜短篇小说如命而且宣称自己只会写短篇小说不知长篇小说为何物的汪曾祺也只能在众声喧哗、多元共存的无名时代处于边缘的边缘的位置了,这种边缘化的叙事美学风格在叙事题材的边缘化、叙事观念的边缘化、叙事风格的边缘化等方面得到了鲜明的体现。     

试论新世纪教师的现代教育技术观

高校教师要适应信息时代的要求，首先必须树立教育技术观会．教育技术观念主要包括教育创新观、教学媒体的优化观、教学设计观、学生主体观、情景教学观．     

“Weak” stochastic orderings and dependence measures

Many notions of dependence rely upon orderings of random pairs. These orderings are generally partial orders, and thus there are many pairs of random vectors which are not comparable. By using a weakened version of stochastic dominance, many new orderings, as well as corresponding dependence measures, are created. The application to stock market data is explored.     

A semiparametric maximum likelihood ratio test for the change point in copula models

In the present paper, a semiparametric maximum-likelihood-type test statistic is proposed and proved to have the same limit null distribution as the classical parametric likelihood one. Under some mild conditions, the limiting law of the proposed test statistic, suitably normalized and centralized, is shown to be double exponential, under the null hypothesis of no change in the parameter of copula models. We also discuss the Gaussian-type approximations for the semiparametric likelihood ratio. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed statistic under specified alternatives is shown to be normal, and an approximation to the power function is given. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed statistical tests based on the double exponential and Gaussian-type approximations.     

顾炎武的“耻德”观与当代荣辱观建设

顾炎武是明清之际著名的思想家。他较少谈论“上达天德”之类的高妙话头，而是致力于探讨“耻德”，认为它是做人、立身之本。顾炎武还提出了一系列培养“耻德”的方法。顾炙武的“耻德”观对当代荣辱观建设具有启示意义。     

文化品格:心理学概念重新考评

现代心理学概念自科学化以来,一直沉湎于描述性、逻辑性、普遍性和合理性的追求中,试图以缜密、精致的概念之网为心理学的科学化正名。但是,心理学概念在理智、客观的学术意义背后有着鲜明的界域性、合情性、民族性和时代性等文化特征。在每一个概念深层次上,都有着那个时代的民族渊源、历史和文化背景,表征了心理学家独有的价值观、人生观、自然观,这是理解该概念真正精髓的基础,从而,为重新理解和诠释心理学的独特性提供了全新视角。     

The Protective Impact of a Covariate on Competing Failures with an Example from a Bone Marrow Transplantation Study

Starting from an applied Bone Marrow Transplantation(BMT) study, the problem of “unexpected protectivity” in competing risks models is introduced, which occurs when one covariate shows a protective impact not expected from a medical perspective. Current explanations found in the statistical literature suggest that unexpected protectivity might be due to the lack of independence between the competing failures. Actually, in the presence of dependence, the Kaplan-Meier curves are not interpretable. Conversely, the cumulative incidence curves remain interpretable, and therefore seem to be a candidate for solving the problem. We discuss the particular nature of dependence in a competing risks framework and illustrate how this dependence may be created via a common frailty factor. A Monte Carlo experiment is set up which accounts also for the association between the observable covariates and the frailty factor. The aim of the experiment is to understand whether and how the bias showed by the estimates could be related to the omitted frailty variable. The results show that dependence alone does not cause false protectivity, and that the cumulative incidence curves suffer the same bias as the survival curves and therefore do not seem to be a solution to false protectivity. Conversely, false protectivity may occur according to the magnitude and the sign of the dependence between the frailty factor and the covariate. The paper ends with some suggestions for empirical research. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

礼制演变与十国时期的南方社会--以个体家庭意识为研究中心

十国时期,南方诸国积极建立礼制。因为受南方社会中浓郁的个体家庭意识的影响,礼制建构诸多方面都表现出个体家庭意识的明显痕迹。南方诸国推行礼制、强调宗法观念、限制个体家庭意识的政策也促进了礼制在南方社会中的普及发展。随着宋平南方诸国,南方社会中浓郁的个体家庭意识甚至开始反映在宋初礼制调整和礼制推行的某些方面。     

创新与教育理念的转变

本文阐述了创新学习及其特点,认为具有创新教育理念的教师不仅应具有一定的品质,而且还要具备实施创新教育的能力,即教师的基本能力、教育教学能力和自我建构的能力。     

加入WTO与我国德育的新观念

加入WTO必然对我国德育产生重大影响。本文从 2 1世纪经济全球化的时代背景出发 ,探讨了WTO框架下我国德育的匹配性新观念 ,提出了德育的新价值观 :单子性与共生性 ;德育的新目标观 :全球性与本土性 ;德育的新内容观 :多元性与同一性 ;德育的新方式观 :开放性与合作性 ;德育的新过程观 :基础性与终身性