基层农技推广体系深化改革的路径分析——基于湖南的实地调查

利用实地调查所得资料进行统计分析发现：农技推广部门是农户采纳新技术的主要渠道,资金不足是阻碍农户采纳新技术的最主要的因素;农技人员下乡是农技推广的主要方式,推广经费和人员配备不足是阻碍当前农技推广的最主要因素。针对以上结论,分析讨论得出,要进一步完善农技推广体系,改善农技推广工作绩效,应从建立多元化农技推广体系、多渠道农技投入体系,支持和发展农业相关企业或超市,加强示范基地建设等方面采取措施。     

全国高校古籍重点保护单位古籍资源揭示状况与服务能力评价研究

以入选全国古籍重点保护单位的高校网站为分析对象,结合用户体验,对其满足古籍研究者的信息服务能力进行了初步评价。分析发现目前入选全国古籍重点保护单位的网站,古籍资源在有效满足专业用户的信息需求方面还存在诸多不足,表现在网站古籍资源检索入口隐晦、资源揭示层次粗浅、资源缺乏深度挖掘整理,且各重点保护单位之间缺乏资源共知、共享等。指出各古籍重点保护单位有必要转变观念,在古籍资源保护之外,结合时代需求,加强古籍资源的开发、开放及应用研究,从而在古籍资源的保护与应用能力建设方面发挥重点保护单位应有的示范效应。     

我国社会转型镜像中的“单位制度”——兼论“社区制度”发展的必然性

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的确立和改革开放的纵深发展,计划经济体制下的传统＂单位制度＂已经囿于市场经济的发展要求,＂去单位化＂成为一种社会的现实表现。单位功能日渐式微,单位办社会＂的机制和模式已经不复存在。传统的单＂位制度必然走向衰落直至消亡,取而代之的,是更为科学合理的＂社区制度＂。     

当代残存宗族组织的变形性特点

宗族组织是我国各民族中常见的一种传统社区组织形式,经过建国后的历次政治运动的冲击后,我国原有的各种宗族组织都发生了严重变形。目前这些残存的宗族组织不会突然消失,它仍表现出隐含性、持续性、变形性等错综复杂的特性,本文着力分析了残存宗族组织的变形性的特点。     

An analysis of media reporting on the closure of freestanding midwifery units in England

ProblemDespite clinical guidelines and policy promoting choice of place of birth, 14 Freestanding Midwifery Units were closed between 2008 and 2015, closures reported in the media as justified by low use and financial constraints.BackgroundThe Birthplace in England Programme found that freestanding midwifery units provided the most cost-effective birthplace for women at low risk of complications. Women planning birth in a freestanding unit were less likely to experience interventions and serious morbidity than those planning obstetric unit birth, with no difference in outcomes for babies.MethodsThis paper uses an interpretative technique developed for policy analysis to explore the representation of these closures in 191 news articles, to explore the public climate in which they occurred.Findings and discussionThe articles focussed on underuse by women and financial constraints on services. Despite the inclusion of service user voices, the power of framing was held by service managers and commissioners. The analysis exposed how neoliberalist and austerity policies have privileged representation of individual consumer choice and market-driven provision as drivers of changes in health services. This normative framing presents the reasons given for closure as hard to refute and cultural norms persist that birth is safest in an obstetric setting, despite evidence to the contrary.ConclusionThe rise of neoliberalism and austerity in contemporary Britain has influenced the reform of maternity services, in particular the closure of midwifery units. Justifications given for closure silence other narratives, predominantly from service users, that attempt to present women’s choice in terms of rights and a social model of care.     

The relationship between unit diversity and perceptions of organizational performance in the military

Structural equation modeling techniques are used to examine the relationship between demographic diversity and perceptions of organizational performance in military units. Analyzing data from the Military Equal Opportunity Climate Survey reveals higher female and minority representation reduces females’ and minorities’ perceptions of organizational effectiveness, respectively. Identical factors appear to influence the perceptions of organizational performance across these two subgroups of employees. The results demonstrate the importance of conducting separate analyses for subgroups in examining the effects of demographic diversity on organizational performance.     

单位出具证明材料的证据形式探讨

法律对证据能力的许容性与限制性是建立在证据本身特性的基础上,单位本身并无作证能力。单位为履行提供证据义务所出具的证明材料之证据能力与单位的身份属性无关,单位证明材料的适格性是由该材料本身的性质决定的。应当区分严格证明与自由证明对单位证明材料证据资格的不同要求,并依据单位证明材料的不同形式纳入法定证据种类。     

司法审判中单位证明现象的法社会学分析

单位证明的证据效力缺乏足够的法理依据,但审判实践对单位证明的运用却十分普遍,这 种现象的产生及其变化需要从法社会学角度进行分析。我国单位社会的形成是产生这一现象的社会基 础,单位与个人之间管理与服从、控制与依赖的社会关系使单位成为证人的权威代言人,单位的同质化增 强了单位证明司法运用的可接受性。随着单位社会的消解,单位证明现象呈现出日渐式微的趋势,审判 模式的转型则加快了这一进程。单位证明最终应退出我国司法证明的历史舞台,但这需要一个较长的过 程,其中如何看待法官的“单位情结”至关重要。     

普通高校办学资源配置评价问题

提出了普通高等学校办学资源配置有效性评价的概念、目的以及方法选择的思路，并以在某省实施办学有效性评价为例，介绍了两种用于办学有效性评价的定量方法，给出了基于应用上述两种方法评价结果的政策建议     

Zoning,Accessory Dwelling Units,and Family Caregiving

Abstract

This article explores the relationship between zoning regulations and co-residential family caregiving in the United States. It first provides an overview of U.S. housing policies, especially zoning. We then describe major changes in family structure and composition in the United States with their implications for caregiving and discuss how multigenerational housing options, particularly accessory dwelling units (ADUs) in single-family homes, can help support family caregiving. After an overview of zoning policies and actions that inhibit ADU production, we document current trends, incorporating information from a small non-random study of ADU activity we conducted in 2004. Finally, we present recommendations for promoting more multigenerational housing as a supplement to other family support programs (e.g., dependent care assistance, family caregiver payments) and as a source of affordable, supportive housing for those families choosing co-residence as their eldercare solution.