人口红利、产业承接与农村劳动力就近转移——以成都城乡统筹试验区为背景

随着西部经济发展及中部地区的崛起。东部地区产业向中西部转移,中西部地区参与人口红利再分配成为必然。鉴于此。有必要及时调整农村就业政策,将农村劳动力就近转移作为一项主要的就业政策,以促进产业转移的顺利进行和人口红利的高效再分配。     

Competition and Coordination in Two‐Tier Public Service Systems under Government Fiscal Policy

As a result of government budgetary limits and rapid market growth, many public service systems—such as health care—are characterized by extensive customer wait times that have become a serious problem. This problem might be solved by allowing private firms to enter these markets, which would provide customers with a choice between a free (governmental) public service provider (SP) and a fee‐charging (or “toll”) private SP. In such a two‐tier service system, the two SPs are differentiated by service quality and cost efficiency. This study focuses on the competition and coordination issues for two‐tier service systems with customers who are sensitive to both service quality and delay. The free system attempts to maximize its expected total customer utility with limited capacity, whereas the toll system attempts to maximize its profit. Neither goal is aligned with the social welfare goal of the public service. To achieve the social welfare goal, the government plays a crucial role in coordinating the two‐tier service system via the budget, the tradeoff of social members' goals, and tax‐subsidy policies. Using a mixed duopoly game, we establish Nash equilibrium strategies and identify the conditions for the existence of the two‐tier service system. We employ several interesting and counter‐intuitive managerial insights generated by the model to show that the public service can be delivered more efficiently via customer choice and SP competition. In addition, we show that a relatively low tax‐subsidy rate can almost perfectly coordinate the two SPs to achieve most of the maximum possible benefit of the two‐tier service system.     

利益相关者管理——新经济下的机会与挑战

"股东至上主义"是盎格努--萨克逊体系公司治理模式的核心,但是它却忽视了相关者的利益要求,从而给企业带来了一系列的管理悖论.而在知识化、信息化为主要特征的新经济条件下,利益相关者的参与同合作情况对企业的经营成败有着至关重要的影响作用.于是,利益相关者管理逐渐受到了理论与实践上的重视.虽然通过利益相关者管理可以实现企业长期价值的提高,促进企业可持续发展等,但在实际操作过程中还存在许多需要进一步明确的问题.     

文化与效用极大化的方向——20世纪30年代一个内地村庄的生活方式及其经济学意义

人类效用极大化的方向至少有两个:一个方向是欲望满足的最大化,对应于西方文化里的生活态度与人生目标;另一个方向是身心痛苦的最小化,对应于中国传统文化里的生活态度与人生目标.在费孝通早年研究的云南禄村,小地主们过着一种整天闲混的生活,他们依靠雇工种田,自己尽可能不工作.这是一条追求身心痛苦最小化的人生道路,与资本主义精神格格不入.因此,解释人类行为及社会现象的经济学理论,需要与当事人的生活态度及文化传统相契合,故具有本土特征.     

我国A股上市公司红利政策影响因素分析

红利分配政策是上市公司研究的重要方面。文章利用A股全部非金融类上市公司财务数据,通过统计分析了1992-2004财务期间A股市场分红状况和特点,并使用统计分析和LOGIT回归两种方法,分析了这些年间A股公司红利政策的影响因素。研究发现,盈利能力、公司规模、股权融资是红利政策的显著影响因素,但投资机会对红利政策影响不显著。     

An application of a minimax Bayes rule and shrinkage estimators to the portofolio selection problem under the Bayesian approach

This paper shows that a minimax Bayes rule and shrinkage estimators can be effectively applied to portfolio selection under the Bayesian approach. Specifically, it is shown that the portfolio selection problem can result in a statistical decision problem in some situations. Following that, we present a method for solving a problem involved in portfolio selection under the Bayesian approach.     

在划分多种专业性作业条件下工程施工组织优化理论研究及应用

本文探讨了在考虑作业专业性条件下，工程施工组织优化的工作程序、工作目标与工作原则，在此基础上给出了一个应用实例以证明上述理论的有效性。     

Estimation of Polygons and Areas

Abstract.  In forestry the problem of estimating areas is central. This paper addresses area estimation through fitting of a polygon to observed coordinate data. Coordinates of corners and points along the sides of a simple closed polygon are measured with independent random errors. This paper focuses on procedures to adjust the coordinates for estimation of the polygon and its area. Different new techniques that consider different amounts of prior information are described and compared. The different techniques use restricted least squares, maximum likelihood and the expectation maximization algorithm. In a simulation study it is shown that the root mean square errors of the estimates are decreased when coordinates are adjusted before estimation. Minor further improvement is achieved by using prior information about the order and the distribution of the points along the sides of the polygon. This paper has its origin in forestry but there are also other applications.     

Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Gaussian Chain Graph Models under the Alternative Markov Property

Abstract.  The Andersson–Madigan–Perlman (AMP) Markov property is a recently proposed alternative Markov property (AMP) for chain graphs. In the case of continuous variables with a joint multivariate Gaussian distribution, it is the AMP rather than the earlier introduced Lauritzen–Wermuth–Frydenberg Markov property that is coherent with data-generation by natural block-recursive regressions. In this paper, we show that maximum likelihood estimates in Gaussian AMP chain graph models can be obtained by combining generalized least squares and iterative proportional fitting to an iterative algorithm. In an appendix, we give useful convergence results for iterative partial maximization algorithms that apply in particular to the described algorithm.     

Analysis of Revenue Maximization Under Two Movie‐Screening Policies

A few weeks before the start of a major season, movie distributors arrange a private screening of the movies to be released during that season for exhibitors and, subsequently, solicit bids for these movies (from exhibitors). Since the number of such solicitations far exceeds the number of movies that can be feasibly screened at a multiplex (i.e., a theater with multiple screens), the problem of interest for an exhibitor is that of choosing a subset of movies for which to submit bids to the distributors. We consider the problem of the selection and screening of movies for a multiplex to maximize the exhibitor's cumulative revenue over a fixed planning horizon. The release times of the movies that can potentially be selected during the planning horizon are known a priori. If selected for screening, a movie must be scheduled through its obligatory period, after which its run may or may not be extended. The problem involves two primary decisions: (i) the selection of a subset of movies for screening from those that can potentially be screened during the planning horizon and (ii) the determination of the duration of screening for the selected movies. We investigate two basic and popular screening policies: preempt‐resume and non‐preempt. In the preempt‐resume policy, the screening of a movie can be preempted and resumed in its post‐obligatory period. In the non‐preempt policy, a movie is screened continuously from its release time until the time it is permanently withdrawn from the multiplex. We show that optimizing under the preempt‐resume policy is strongly NP‐hard while the problem under the non‐preempt policy is polynomially solvable. We develop efficient algorithms for the problem under both screening policies and show that the revenue obtained from the preempt‐resume policy can be significantly higher as compared with that from the non‐preempt policy. Our work provides managers of multiplexes with valuable insights into the selection and screening of movies and offers an easy‐to‐use computational tool to compare the revenues obtainable from adopting these popular policies.