Drug Trafficking and Urban African American Youth: Risk Factors for PTSD

This article examines how African American youths (ages 12–17) who are raised in neighborhoods that are centers for illegal drug trade and drug dealing (trafficking, running) cope with violent events such as shooting, stabbings and other intentional injuries. Using qualitative research methods, the study explores urban youths' perceptions of drug trafficking and related activities in their neighborhoods. The study then explores issues of personal encounters with traumatic events related to drug trafficking activities (shootings, stabbings, deaths, other violence) in their community. Finally, the study discusses implications of findings for risk and treatment of post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) among these youths.     

The digital divide in Sydney

In Australia, there has been limited research into the issue of the digital divide. Even less attention has been given to the social and spatial characteristics of this phenomenon, particularly within metropolitan areas. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining the social and spatial characteristics of computer and Internet use in Sydney. The findings suggest that those individuals who are socially and economically disadvantaged have lower rates of computer and Internet use, and that these individuals also risk exacerbating their disadvantage status if these demand-side barriers are not addressed. If we are to address disparities in computer and Internet use in Australia we need to consider more fully the social and spatial nature of such disparities that prevent individuals from accessing such technologies in an increasingly 'wired' world.     

Trouble en Route: Drug Trafficking and Clientelism in Rio de Janeiro Shantytowns

This article examines the ways that endemic drug trafficking has affected local level politics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Drawing on ethnographic analysis of political exchanges in the 1998 national elections in three favelas (shantytowns), I argue that drug trafficking has changed the practice of clientelism. Evidence and analysis in this paper will show that the persistence of drug trafficking in the city has led to the emergence of a two-tiered clientelist system in which politicians make exchanges with traffickers who then, in turn, provide some benefits to favela residents in return for their votes. This results in an arrangement that provides votes to politicians and limited assistance to the poor but does little to build the legitimacy of the political system.

我国药品零售企业人力资源逆向选择及风险规避

在药品流通领域,执业药师的＂良＂与其他经资格认证的药学技术人员的＂相对劣或者不确定的良＂,以及一些鱼目混珠的从业人员（营业员）的＂确定劣＂的博弈一直在进行,在执业药师与一般药学技术人员和营业员的竞争中,出现了明显的＂劣币驱赶良币＂现象。其原因主要是药品零售企业人力资源市场上存在＂准入水平＂的＂质＂的不同,但对不同质的人员却采用相同的价值评价标准,执业药师的药学服务和健康收益的价值被忽视。加上信息不对称的存在和法律刚性规定的不足,最终导致逆向选择的发生,出现执业药师被一般药学技术人员所淘汰的不正常现象,并将导致整个药品零售领域从事药学服务工作的人员所代表的实际能力普遍低于岗位本身的素质需要。建议在新医改实施过程中,应加大执业药师制度宣传,尽快为执业药师立法,重构药学技术人员价值评价体系和激励机制,通过规制政策淘汰一些不合要求的从业人员和企业,并让执业准入的执业药师为保障公众用药的安全和有效发挥其应有的作用。     

论“○”与“0”的起源、演变及功能

"○"与"0"是两个不同的数字符号。关于它们的起源与演变、功能与用途以及用法差异等学术界存在着分歧。"○"是一种汉字,它的起源地在中国;"0"是印度数码,最先由印度人创造。虽然"○"与"0"在符号的创造上是极其相似的,但它们仍然是泾渭分明的两个数字符号,不能等同与混淆。     

城市路网的宏观容量模型研究及其应用

近些年来,如何定量城市路网的宏观容量成为一种研究城市总体路网容量的新方法,法国学者马森（１９８９）给出了交通个体占用的城市路网的时空应用重要性。这个理论只是表明了以交通个体的路网空间的时间占用或是路网时间的空间占用为定量形式的多种交通模蝗内部效用,同时也调查了城市道路交通基础设施的内部潜力,例如停车场,机动车道,自行车道及人行道等等。另一方面,该理论能进一步证明并且计算路网时空使用的经济效用及其经     

数字在俄语中的演进及其在报刊中的应用

数字是报刊语言的有机组成部分。在俄文报刊语言中,数字没有得到应有的重视。实际上,数字自19世纪末进入俄文报刊以来,就一直发挥着积极的作用。从阿拉伯数字进入俄语的历史、数字在俄语中的发展状况以及存在的问题等几个方面可以看出数字在俄文报刊中的使用情况。     

西南民族大学金·史密斯藏学文献馆的建馆历程

著名藏学家金·史密斯先生用一生的时间从事藏文文献的保护工作,在藏文文献的收集、整理、研究、利用等领域做出了巨大的贡献,为后人留下了大量的藏文文献。他在美国纽约建立了藏传佛教文献资料中心（简称：TBRC）,大量的藏文文献在国内、外藏学界利用起来。同时他也是把藏文文献的原件从国外捐赠给中国的第一位外国藏学家,2012年12月,历时5年的藏文纸质文献的捐赠工作顺利完成。本论文对金·史密斯先生建立TBRC的具体情况,捐赠纸质文献给西南民族大学的事件,西南民族大学金·史密斯藏学文献馆建馆历程等内容进行梳理,以此来缅怀为藏文文献的保护工作付出一生的美国藏学家。     

法律英语中subject to的用法和译法

在使用subjectto搭配的语料中,法律英语实例最多,其中法律条文语言又是法律英语中使用这种搭配最多的次语域,这一搭配在法律语言中主要用于表达条件关系。对17部法律的英汉文本的对比调查表明,现有subjectto的译法从意义表达角度看基本上可以接受,但是,占调查译例总量近一半的实例将原文对条件的正面陈述译成了反面的排除表达,欠准确;其他正面译法的具体表达方法过于繁杂,需要进一步统一、规范。     

Spatial Data Usage,Spatial Thinking and Spatial Knowledge Generation: The Case of Planning Practitioners in Arequipa,Peru

Spatial thinking and spatial knowledge generation in decision-making are still not mature fields of study in planning research, despite these being crucial elements in addressing the issues of the twenty-first-century city. This article contributes to their understanding by exploring their interrelationships with spatial data usage. Through storylines, it analyzes the arguments that planning practitioners offer in support of infrastructure-led decisions in Arequipa (Peru), before and after spatial data usage. The article concludes that spatial data usage improve spatial thinking to different extents, yet suggests aligning spatial data generation and the inclusion of GIS-based spatial analyses with the spatial knowledge needed by routine planning practice.