Co-Occurring Disorders Among Jail Inmates: Bridging the Treatment Gap

ABSTRACT

This paper presents findings based on a retrospective review of health and mental health records of 359 mentally ill jail inmates. Regardless of demographic group, substance-related disorders are the most prevalent disorder. Sixty-seven percent of the sample had a substance-related disorder, 37% an adjustment disorder, 23% a mood disorder, and 12% had schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder. Comorbidity was extensive with close to 45% of the sample having both a substance-related disorder and an additional major mental illness. Study findings indicate that there is a great need to strengthen services and create jail-community linkages for inmates with comorbid mental health and substance abuse disorders. Innovative program and resource information are provided.     

Drug Use,Self-Efficacy,and Coping Skills Among People with Concurrent Substance Abuse and Personality Disorders: Implications for Relapse Prevention

ABSTRACT

This study investigated drug use antecedents, abstinence self-efficacy and coping skills among people with concurrent substance abuse and personality disorders. Fifty inpatients with recent polydrug abuse were divided into two groups based upon the presence (PD) or absence (NPD) of a personality disorder. The PD group reported more often using drugs when experiencing unpleasant emotions, physical discomfort, and conflict with others. They also reported lower self-efficacy for situations involving physical discomfort and interpersonal conflict, more use of a self-blaming coping style, and lower levels of interpersonal competence. Implications for treatment are discussed in light of these findings.     

Conclusion

Abstract

The first national symposium on Social Work and Divinity Dual Degree Programs was designed to examine the current state of these interdisciplinary joint degree programs from both pedagogical and practical perspectives. The underlying assumption was that a more holistic approach is needed to advance our understanding of human nature, including the dimension of spirituality and the complexity of social issues. The rationale, issues, and promise for a strong commitment on the part of participating institutions toward educating the dual degree students are reflected in the context of the symposium's theme: Building Compassionate Communities: An Integration of Theology and Social Work in Professional Education and Practice. By examining the current state of social work and divinity dual degree program at Loyola University as a case example, this paper highlights the salient ideas and reflective discussions that were emerged from the symposium.     

完善和超越官僚制:我国行政组织体制改革的理性选择

官僚制,是现代管理的组织理论和模式架构,对工业社会时期生产力的发展和社会的稳定起到了重要作用。但随着信息化、经济全球化时代的到来,官僚制自身的缺陷及其与现代社会环境的不适应也日渐暴露,官僚制的组织模式正面临着危机。从中国来看,中国是典型的“二元结构”,即工业化与信息化并存,传统政治和现代政治并存,城市与乡村并存。因此,为了构建现代化的行政组织体制,推动中国行政组织体制改革的理性化,中国应在工业化社会更加完善官僚制,使行政组织的理性和效率发挥到最大化,同时又在信息化社会趋近中超越官僚制,以渐进的方式顺利实现行政组织体制的转型或替代。     

从“他者”到“群我”:城市化进程中随迁子女融入问题

中国"农民工"现象是城市化进程的产物。农民进城务工常态化,其随迁子女城市入学问题随之产生。由于中国社会长期沿袭的城乡二元分割文化体系及其以等级意识进行身份界定的社会心理支撑,使农民工子女城市就学存在制度障碍及跨文化适应障碍。开展社会机制建设,确保农民工合法权益,消除农民工及其子女面临的身份歧视,实现文化调试(跨文化适应)与文明融合,是促进农民工随迁子女学校融入与社区适应的规范路径。     

“熟悉—陌生”:转型期乡村社会的双重化生活格局——云南Z村的个案分析

对云南Z村进行的田野调查表明,该村日常生活呈现熟悉性和陌生性两种气质交融的动态形貌:既有对传统乡土本色的坚守和留恋,又有被现代市场化力量形塑的陌生人特质的滋生。转型期乡村社会的双重化特质体现于市场化浪潮带来的熟悉又陌生的邻里关系,乡土本色的变异与留存,村落社会的"名实分离"。通过研究进一步认为,以"熟悉—陌生"视域下的乡村社会双重化生活格局为框架和视角,能较好地理解乡土社会在转型中国和全球现代化背景下发生的历史性变革。     

Dual Objective Segmentation to Improve Targetability: An Evolutionary Algorithm Approach**

Cluster‐based segmentation usually involves two sets of variables: (i) the needs‐based variables (referred to as the bases variables), which are used in developing the original segments to identify the value, and (ii) the classification or background variables, which are used to profile or target the customers. The managers’ goal is to utilize these two sets of variables in the most efficient manner. Pragmatic managerial interests recognize the underlying need to start shifting from methodologies that obtain highly precise value‐based segments but may be of limited practical use as they provide less targetable segments. Consequently, the imperative is to shift toward newer segmentation approaches that provide greater focus on targetable segments while maintaining homogeneity. This requires dual objective segmentation, which is a combinatorially difficult problem. Hence, we propose and examine a new evolutionary methodology based on genetic algorithms to address this problem. We show, based on a large‐scale Monte Carlo simulation and a case study, that the proposed approach consistently outperforms the existing methods for a wide variety of problem instances. We are able to obtain statistically significant and managerially important improvements in targetability with little diminution in the identifiability of value‐based segments. Moreover, the proposed methodology provides a set of good solutions, unlike existing methodologies that provide a single solution. We also show how these good solutions can be used to plot an efficient Pareto frontier. Finally, we present useful insights that would help managers in implementing the proposed solution approach effectively.     

对德国职业教育的再认识

德国职业教育体系完善,法律法规健全,实施的是双元制职业教育模式、集团化办学模式和以行动为导向、能力为本位的教学模式。目前我国职业教育取得一些成绩也存在不足,应在借鉴德国职业教育体系和"双元制"职业教育模式的基础上,注重健全我国的职业教育体系,不断完善我国职业教育相关法律法规,同时加强校企间的互动合作和专兼职相结合的高素质教师队伍的培养,以构建合理的课程体系,推进职业教育集团化建设的发展。     

二元体制下的农民工城市化障碍解析

中国的城市化进程是一个异常复杂和艰辛的过程,近期全国范围的"民工荒"问题昭示农民工的城市化从理念到政策都有所滞后。为此,通过构建人口城市化效用模型,阐释了财富积累和人力资本都过低的现实会造成农民工在城市缺乏"自生能力",无法应对城市的高生活成本;而二元体制和城市政府规制的双重作用,又使其城市化效用进一步劣化;农民工城市化的核心是成本支付问题,由于"激励不相容",流入地地方城市政府缺乏解决动力,转而定位于流出地的城镇化,又无法解决产业支撑缺失而导致的就业机会缺失,因此必须依靠中央政府从全国范围的统筹规划来加以解决。