顾客价值创新:战略分析的基点

传统的战略分析是以竞争为基点的。其目的是如何比竞争对手做得更好。在这种思维指导下 ,企业经营往往产生竞争激烈、市场不敏感、反应性行为、缺乏创新等后果。在复杂多变的环境中 ,战略分析应转移到顾客价值创新上来。顾客价值创新战略通过为顾客提供完全新型或得到重大改进的价值而使企业经营与竞争无关。顾客价值创新战略与竞争基点战略在战略导向、对竞争的认知及态度、企业本身实力的认识等具有明显不同的特征 ;进行顾客价值创新可以按照顾客价值创新循环机制进行 ,这一循环机制以顾客消费流程分析为起点 ,由创新机会认别、资源需求分析及价值创新实施等环节构成。     

Potential exposures and risks from beryllium-containing products.

Beryllium is the strongest of the lightweight metals. Used primarily in military applications prior to the end of the Cold War, beryllium is finding new applications in many commercial products, including computers, telecommunication equipment, and consumer and automotive electronics. The use of beryllium in nondefense consumer applications is of concern because beryllium is toxic. Inhalation of beryllium dust or vapor causes a chronic lung disease in some individuals at concentrations as low as 0.01 microg/m3 in air. As beryllium enters wider commerce, it is prudent to ask what risks this might present to the general public and to workers downstream of the beryllium materials industry. We address this question by evaluating the potential for beryllium exposure from the manufacturing, use, recycle, and disposal of beryllium-containing products. Combining a market study with a qualitative exposure analysis, we determine which beryllium applications and life cycle phases have the largest exposure potential. Our analysis suggests that use and maintenance of the most common types of beryllium-containing products do not result in any obvious exposures of concern, and that maintenance activities result in greater exposures than product use. Product disposal has potential to present significant individual risks, but uncertainties concerning current and future routes of product disposal make it difficult to be definitive. Overall, additional exposure and dose-response data are needed to evaluate both the health significance of many exposure scenarios, and the adequacy of existing regulations to protect workers and the public. Although public exposures to beryllium and public awareness and concern regarding beryllium risks are currently low, beryllium risks have psychometric qualities that may lead to rapidly heightened public concern.     

两种价值取向与三段式考核模式——思想道德修养课考核方法浅探

思想道德修养课在考核方法上存在两种不同的价值取向 :纯粹考核的价值取向和服务学生的价值取向。而三段式考核模式正是倡导服务学生的价值取向 ,从而达到考核的真正目的     

社会主义政治文明价值取向分析

社会主义政治文明价值取向既有内在结构,又有外在结构。内在结构包括理念价值取向结构,即公正、自由、平等、民主、科学、规范、效能和秩序等的排列组合;行为价值取向结构,即政治统治价值取向、政治管理价值取向和政治参与价值取向等的排列组合。外在结构是指社会主义政治文明外在价值与其环境结构的关系。社会主义政治文明价值取向既具有统一性,又具有冲突性;导引的原则和方针主要是价值平衡,利益兼顾,因势利导,积极进取,取长补短,发展自强。     

Costs and Rewards of Children: The Effects of Becoming a Parent on Adults' Lives

How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well‐being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self‐efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men.     

Valuation of childhood risk reduction: the importance of age, risk preferences, and perspective.

This article explores two problems analysts face in determining how to estimate values for children's health and safety risk reductions. The first addresses the question: Do willingness‐to‐pay estimates for health risk changes differ across children and adults and, if so, how? To answer this question, the article first examines the potential effects of age and risk preferences on willingness to pay. A summary of the literature reporting empirical evidence of differences between willingness to pay for adult health and safety risk reductions and willingness to pay for health and safety risk reductions in children is also provided. The second dimension of the problem is a more fundamental issue: Whose perspective is relevant when valuing children's health effects—society's, children's, adults‐as‐children, or parents'? Each perspective is considered, followed ultimately by the conclusion that adopting a parental perspective through an intrahousehold allocation model seems closest to meeting the needs of the estimation problem at hand. A policy example in which the choice of perspective affects the outcome of a regulatory benefit‐cost analysis rounds out the article and emphasizes the importance of perspective.     

论民俗风情在文艺作品中的多重价值显现

民俗风情对文艺创作有着根本性的制约作用,文艺民俗学因之而成为文艺研究的一个重要领域。作为一种广泛存在的社会现象,“民俗”在民间创造和传承过程中具有集体性、传承性、神秘感及地域时代差异。民俗与文艺的结合与互动,缘于人类把握世界和表达自我的共同需要,是一种植根于民族文化深层的普遍性文艺现象。民俗从内容描写上的渗入与补充、形式构成上的影响与借鉴两个方面对文艺创作产生影响,体现出自身的多重艺术价值。强化文艺的民俗倾向,是民族文学走向世界的一个有效途径。     

论社会科学的生产力属性及其价值实现的基本途径——兼论中国社会科学发展方向

马克思并未忽视社会科学对生产力的巨大作用.生产过程既是人类利用自然资源和自然力的过程,也是社会过程.生产过程的复杂性,为社会科学、人文科学留下了大量应用空间.社会科学可以通过多种途径体现其生产力价值.完善社会科学的研究体系(制),注重社会技术研究,加强与自然科学的交叉、融合、重组,搞好社会科学研究的产业化,是我国社会科学发展的努力方向.     

试评《直斋书录解题》的学术价值

《直斋书录解题》的学术价值,主要见于它的叙录部分。大体可以归结为四个方面:(一)考镜学术源流。《解题》中对此作了若干揭示或梳理,且偶涉鲜为人知的资料。(二)考订作者生平。尤为引人注目的,一是名不见经传者,二是事迹有歧说者,三是作者有异议者,四是兼及遗闻逸事。(三)品评作品成就。这是叙录的主体部分,陈氏用力最多,创获最丰。(四)鉴别版本真伪。总之,《解题》具有较高的学术价值,堪称有宋一代公私目录学方面的力作。     

马克思哲学的价值内涵

学史上,只有马克思真正实现了对人的完整的理解,从而使人真正成为哲学的出发点和归宿,使价值问题真正具有了哲学的品格,也使哲学具有了真正的价值内涵。马克思哲学的基本价值内涵是:以实践为基石,从现实的、完整的人出发,通过批判异化的人与人的异化,以消除人的异化了的生存状态,最终实现每个人自由而全面的发展。