论集成电路布图设计保护法的特点

2001年4月2日,我国颁布《集成电路布图设计保护条例》。集成电路布图设计保护法作为一个独立的知识产权法律部门,它有自己本质的特点。首先,集成电路布图设计保护法有自己的保护对象。集成电路布图设计保护法所保护的不是集成电路产品,而是集成电路中的布图设计这一无形财产。其次,集成电路布图设计保护法有独特的保护条件,集成电路保护法并不保护所有的布图设计,得到法律保护的布图设计,必须具备以下条件:1.布图设计必须具有独创性;2.布图设计必须具有客现表现形式和可复制性;3.布图设计必须登记。再次,集成电路布图设计保护法有独特的权利保护期。     

新课程标准视野下的课堂教学审美化

国家课程标准是国家对基础教育课程的基本规范和要求 ,是指导教材编写、教学、评估和考试命题等的依据。以新课程标准审视课堂教学审美化 ,应该在课程目标确立、课程内容编制、课程实施方式改革方面作出新的努力。一是对体验性目标的逐层分解和操作性表述 ,二是将学科知识的横向整合和纵向序列相结合 ,三是处理好审美化教学实践的模仿与创新、预设与开放的关系     

以设计为主线、三维为核心的工程图学教学改革--现代工程设计图形学(MEDG)教学研究与实践

工程设计现在已发展到全数字化阶段,能使设计、制造一体化过程得以实现的核心是三维几何模型,二维投影图已不是这一过程所必需的文件.因此,在总结和继承原教改成功经验的基础上,我们对传统的工程图学课程进行改革,突出"三维"和"设计"两个重点,形成了现代工程设计图形学(MEDG)课程体系.     

The foundations of econometrics-are there any

The conclusions of alogically consistent economic theory which strictly adheres to Aristotle's axioms of logic are factually true if its sufficient conditions are all factually true. Alternatively, if a conclusion of such a theory is false, then at- least one of its assumptions is false. Unfortunately, the factual truth of sufficient conditions cannot be established because the problem of induction i s impossible t o solve. It is algo true that the falsity of a conclusion cannot be established in the presence of uncertainty. While the philosophy of instrumentalism applied to sufficient and logically consistent explanations may provide useful solutions to immediate practical problems, the principles of simplicity, parsimony and profligacy--all of them requiring conditional deductive arguments--are useless as criteria for model choice.     

地方工科院校环境艺术设计专业课程体系的优化研究

根据社会的需求及环境艺术设计学科的特点，利用地方工科院校的优势，研究适合地方工科院校环境艺术设计专业方向人才培养的课程体系，优化教学内容及实践教学手段，通过实践探索，完善并总结出切实可行的人才培养方案。     

E-optimal designs for three treatments

E-optimality is studied for three treatments in an arbitrary n-way heterogeneity setting. In some cases maximal trace designs cannot be E-optimal. When there is more than one E-optimal design for a given setting, the best with respect to all reasonable criteria is determined.     

建筑材料课的教学

本文从建筑材料课程的特点入手,分析教学实践中发现的问题,提出适合职业学校学生掌握本课程的教学方法,特别强调实际工程案例在教学中的运用。     

Effects of Remanufacturable Product Design on Market Segmentation and the Environment

Despite documented benefits of remanufacturing, many manufacturers have yet to embrace the idea of tapping into remanufactured‐goods markets. In this article, we explore this dichotomy and analyze the effect of remanufacturable product design on market segmentation and product and trade‐in prices by studying a two‐stage profit‐maximization problem in which a price‐setting manufacturer can choose whether or not to open a remanufactured‐goods market for its product. Our results suggest that it is optimal for a manufacturer to design a remanufacturable product when the value‐added from remanufacturing is relatively high but product durability is relatively low and innovation is nominal. In addition, we find that entering a remanufactured‐goods market in and of itself does not necessarily translate into environmental friendliness. On the one hand, the optimal trade‐in program could result in low return and/or remanufacturing rates. On the other hand, a low price for remanufactured products could attract higher demand and thereby potentially result in more damage to the environment. Meanwhile, external restrictions imposed on total greenhouse gas emissions draw criticism in their own right because they risk stifling growth or reducing overall consumer welfare. Given these trade‐offs, we therefore develop and compare several measures of environmental efficiency and conclude that emissions per revenue can serve as the best proxy for emissions as a metric for measuring overall environmental stewardship.     

Transforming Social Work Curricula: Institutional Supports for Promoting Sustainability

Due to the centrality of human rights and social justice in the profession, social work must collectively take a stand on ecological degradation and the climate crisis. Overall, social work education's engagement with issues of sustainability and an expanded ecological justice perspective has been peripheral and piecemeal. It is crucial that social work education expand opportunities to prepare social workers to respond to the global environmental crisis. This conceptual paper considers strategies for integrating environmental content in social work curricula and addresses the essential role of institutional supports for curricular change and professional development focused on sustainability. The role of institutional supports to advance curricular change to respond to environmental crises and promote sustainability is highlighted, along with specific examples from the authors' home institution, including (1) institutional commitment and culture, (2) curricular supports and guidelines, and (3) interdisciplinary faculty development.     

Preparing social workers as reporters of suspected child maltreatment

Social workers are an important source of reports to child protective services in the United States (US). However, it is unclear what role social work education plays in preparing social workers for this responsibility. The current study explores how undergraduate and graduate social work programs in the US prepare students as reporters. This study found that while almost all programs that participated in this study provide students with some content related to their role as reporters of child maltreatment, there are varying ways such content is provided, and many avenues for improvement. International implications are highlighted.