关于环境法实施效率的经济学分析

环境法是现代国家保障公共环境利益的制度形式之一。受个体行为、政府行为以及违法人者与执法机构之间的不合作博弈等因素影响,环境法规实施的效果往往并不理想。通过讨论破坏行为数量与执法者发现违法行为的概率、惩罚强度以及其它相关因素之间的关系,分析了环境法规实施过程的内在机理,并据此提出了提高环境法规实施效率的建议。     

Production efficiency in Indian agriculture: An assessment of the post green revolution years

In this paper we use the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to obtain Pareto-Koopmans measures of technical efficiency of individual states over the years 1970–71 through 2000–01 in a multi-output, multi-input model of agricultural production. We disaggregate overall efficiency into two distinct components representing output and input efficiencies and identify the contribution of individual outputs and inputs to the measured level of overall efficiency. Because introduction of modern inputs has been a major component of the process of modernization of Indian agriculture, we examine to what extent different states succeeded in utilizing the modern inputs compared to the traditional inputs. Variations in the DEA efficiency scores across states and over years is explained in terms of differences in various institutional and demographic factors in a second stage regression analysis.     

邓小平效率思想探析

纵观改革开放25年的历史,中国一切的发展和成就都离不开邓小平理论的科学指导。邓小平关于效率的思想贯穿着整个改革开放的历史,具有其特殊的意义。时至今日,邓小平效率思想仍然放射着巨大的理论光芒,我们对理论不但要深刻理解、坚决贯彻,更要与时俱进地加以发展。本文对邓小平效率思想产生的背景及其内涵进行了较为深入地阐述与分析,以期能够推动对邓小平效率思想的理解与贯彻。     

Determinants of Portfolio Efficiency Losses in US Self-directed Pension Accounts

This empirical study evaluates the magnitude of efficiency losses of household portfolio choices in self-directed pension accounts (SDAs). It uses data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). The determinants of the magnitude of efficiency losses across household investors are investigated in detail. The findings of this study lend empirical support to the belief that the magnitude of efficiency losses for household investors differs with the different demographic characteristics and investment propensities. In particular, household investors with long-investment horizons, with more autonomy of choices in their SDAs, or with the tendency to select high levels of portfolio risk in SDAs are more vulnerable to efficiency losses. Factors to predict the levels of portfolio risk maintained by household investors in their SDAs are also explored.     

ROW AND COLUMAN DESIGNS WITH CONTIGUOUS REPLICATES

A method is given for constructing row and column designs for situations where replicates are contiguous. Designs of this type are needed in cotton variety trials. A table of generating arrays is given from which a series of resolvable designs can be constructed; these designs are called latinized α-designs. Some results from cotton variety trials are presented.     

The predictability of stock returns - a nonparametric approach

This paper reexamines the predictability of stock returns with a nonparametric model. We first identify, through a set of diagnostic tests, five lagged predictive factors from a linear model. Using these factors, we predict one-month-ahead stock index returns with a nonparametric approach. We find that our nonparametricmodel. We first identify, through a set of diagnostic tests, five lagged predictive factors from a linear model. Using these factors, we predict on -month-ahead stock index returns with a nonparametric approach. We find that our nonparametric model can correctly predict about 74% of stock index return signs. With various ex ante trading rules based on nonparametric predictions and transaction cost schedules, we then compare the performance of "managed" portfolios with that of the buy and hold portfolios. We fmd that the managed portfolios are mean-variance dominant over the buy-and-hold strategies when no or low transaction costs are assumed. When high transaction costs are assumed instead, the mean-variance dominance diminishes However,the Sharpe index of risk-adjusted portfolio performanceindicates that the managed portfolios significantly outperform the buy-and-hold strategies even for the high-transaction cost scenario. We show that the difference in performance between the managed portfolios and the buy-and-hold strategies can be partially explained by the January effect or the small firm effect. In sum, this paper demonstrates the merits of using a nonparametric approach for predicting stock returns and testing market efficiency.     

行政管理革新与法治政府建设——应以法治和发展的眼光审视当下的行政管理新举措

当下深化改革的进程中我国行政管理新举措层出不穷且争议甚多,可从几个方面加以观察和评价:一是诸多典型案(事)例暴露出严重的观念滞后问题,必须克服戴旧眼镜看新事物的现象;二是内容丰富的行政管理改革创新是在宏大复杂的背景下进行的,最主要的背景因素是经济和政治改革的深化和科技革命的影响;三是我国行政管理改革创新的动向,是以人为本前提下走向柔性管理、高效管理和方法创新,重点是行政管理方式方法的创新发展,相对而言这是成本低、风险小、效率高、成效稳健、易达共识的路径选择;四是行政管理改革创新应坚持法治原则和实践标准等基本界限,防止借创新之名行营私之实。当下关键在于我们要以法治和发展的眼光去看待、宽容和冷静的心态去对待这些行政管理改革的创新举措。     

提高大学英语大班课效率刍议

随着高等教育的扩招，高校普遍在非英语专业大学英语课程中采用了大班教学模式以解决师资短缺的矛盾，由此也出现了一系列的问题。在本文中，作者以本人及所在学校的教学实践为例，论述了在大班教学中所存在的问题及其解决办法。笔者认为，作为大学英语教师，只要转变观念，努力认识大班教学的规律，提高大班教学的效率是有可能的。     

Note on the Cramér-Rao inequality in the nonregular case: the family of uniform distributions

We consider the family of uniform distributions with range of unit length. The main result of this note asserts that the average variance of any unbiased estimator of the midpoint of the range is not less than (2(n+1))(n+2))^-1 and this lower bound is sharp. The proof is based upon a nonregular version of the Cramér-Rao inequality.     

On the ABLUE of the normal mean from a censored sample

The asymptotically best linear unbiased estimate (ABLUE) of the normal mean is discussed. The estimate is based on k selected order statistics chosen from a singly or doubly censored large sample of size n(>k). The coefficients, the asymptotic relative efficiency of the estimate, and the optimum spacing of k real numbers between 0 and 1 which determines the optimum ranks of order statistics, are provided. A comparison between the ABLUE and the iterated maximum likelihood estimate is made.