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61.
In Canada there is an increasing prevalence of chronic medical conditions and diseases related to a modifiable risk factor - physical inactivity. Therefore, it is important to have regular, robust, population-based surveillance of physical activity engagement that can be used to develop policy interventions and measure their success. The primary objective of this study is to describe the methods used to quantify the proportion of Canadians engaging in physical activities at the intensities and durations required to either maintain or enhance their health. Results indicate the overall proportion of Canadians meeting maintenance levels of physical activity has increased between 1992 (76.2%), 1998 (77.3%), and 2005 (82.5%), but over the same time the proportion meeting enhancement levels of physical activity has decreased (38.1%, 36.6%, and 30.6%, respectively). Furthermore, the results demonstrate the potential applications of time-use data for public health and quality of life research.  相似文献   
62.
人口变动对气候变化的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
人口与气候变化关系是一个非常缺乏研究的领域。本文总结近年有关人口变动对气候变化影响研究领域的状况,讨论不同研究方法和模型的应用成果及其局限性,特别介绍了应用整合评估模型iPETS对主要国家和地区温室气体排放预测结果,指出人口变动与经济发展、技术变动等都是人类影响气候变化的决定因素;人口变动的影响不只是人口规模的增减,人口和家庭户结构及其空间分布的变化也是应该考虑的内容;家庭户应该成为气候变化研究的人口分析单位;人口老化、城市化、家庭规模缩小等都是影响未来气候变化的重要人口因素。本研究提供了改进气候预测模型对人口变量处理方式的实例,指出了在制定减缓气候变化政策过程中考虑人口因素的重要性和可操作建议。  相似文献   
63.
Using a co-integrated VAR model, this paper analyzes the dynamic effects of oil price and interest rate shocks on the Russian economy for the period 1995:Q1-2008:Q2. The co-integration analysis leads to the finding that a 1% increase in oil prices contributes to real GDP growth by 0.8%, suggesting an increase four times that reported by Rautava (2002), in the long run. Furthermore, the impulse response analysis suggests that the impacts of the shock on inflation and real GDP are positive over the next eight quarters (short run), whereas the tightening of monetary policy through interest rate channel is immediately associated with a decline in inflation as predicted by theory, but with an increase in real GDP over the preceding quarters.   相似文献   
64.
中东是全球主要的能源供应基地,在国际能源体系中扮演着重要的角色。随着习主席提出建设“一带一路”战略构想,中国与中东国家的能源关系发展迅速,已成为中国“一带一路”框架的战略支点。本文考察改革开放以来,中国与中东的能源关系的历程,通过分析中国与中东能源合作的主要机制,即中阿能源合作大会、中海战略对话以及中国与中东能源合作面临的主要问题和挑战,即中东地缘政治风险、西方国家对中国在中东的指责,指出中国在中东面临的竞争加剧,并对中国中东能源合作提出了几点思考。  相似文献   
65.
能源安全评价研究述评   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
苏铭  张有生 《浙江社会科学》2012,(4):126-132,160
能源安全一直是西方国家能源政策的主要目标,近年来也成为我国能源战略乃至国家安全战略的重点.本文全面综述了能源安全的定义、内涵、传导机制以及评价研究视角,梳理出能源安全评价的研究框架,并对指标加权构建标准化指数、计算中断概率、构造多样化指数间接刻画风险、衡量(期望)福利损失四种评价方法进行了述评.最后,对构建能源安全评价模型和实证研究我国能源安全存在的问题和面临的风险给出建议.  相似文献   
66.
经测算和研究,2020年上海市单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放确定为1.12吨/万元,比2005年2.24吨/万元降低50%,该目标是很有可能实现的。但仅就维持2009年的条件和水平,到2020年二氧化碳排放强度仅比2005年下降34.1%,上海市控制二氧化碳排放还需要挖掘潜力,才能实现确定的行动目标。通过影响二氧化碳排放强度的因素弹性系数测算可知,挖掘上海市控制二氧化碳排放潜力的因素重要性排序,首先是降低煤炭能源消费的比重,然后分别是:降低第二产业能源强度〉降低第三产业能源强度〉提高第三产业比重〉提高外来电、新能源比重〉提高天然气能源比重。为实现上述行动目标,提出相关政策建议。  相似文献   
67.
中国与海湾六国的能源合作   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
随着中国经济的高速发展,能源需求不断扩大,其对外依存度也日益加剧,确保能源安全已成当务之急.海湾六国素有“世界油库”之称,是国际能源争夺的主要场所.对中国而言,如何加强与之在能源领域的合作,就显得尤为重要.事实上,中国早已将与海湾六国的油气合作视为对外能源战略的重要组成部分,并在原油贸易、石油工程项目承包、兴办炼油和石化企业、勘探与开发新油气田等方面开展了积极有效的合作.海湾需要稳定的油气市场,中国也需要稳定的油气供应.尽管双方未来的能源合作会遇到一些严峻挑战,但相信双方一定能抓住机遇,在自由贸易区协定的框架内建立起行之有效的合作机制,发挥各自优势,达到互利共赢的目的.  相似文献   
68.
The degree of downside risk aversion (or equivalently prudence) is so far usually measured by . We propose here another measure, , which has specific and interesting local and global properties. Some of these properties are to a wide extent similar to those of the classical measure of absolute risk aversion, which is not always the case for . It also appears that the two measures are not mutually exclusive. Instead, they seem to be rather complementary as shown through an economic application dealing with a simple general equilibrium model of savings.
David CrainichEmail:
  相似文献   
69.
This paper provides a tool to build climate change scenarios to forecast Gross Domestic Product (GDP), modelling both GDP damage due to climate change and the GDP impact of mitigating measures. It adopts a supply-side, long-term view, with 2060 and 2100 horizons. It is a global projection tool (30 countries/regions), with assumptions and results both at the world and the country/regional level. Five different types of energy inputs are taken into account according to their CO2 emission factors. Full calibration is possible at each stage, with estimated or literature-based default parameters. Compared to other models, it provides a comprehensive modelisation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP), which is the most significant determinant of the GDP projected path. We present simulation results of different energy policy scenarios. They illustrate both the “tragedy of the horizon” and the “tragedy of the commons”, which call for a policy framework that adequately integrates a long run perspective, through a low-enough discount rate and an effective intergenerational solidarity as well as international cooperation.  相似文献   
70.
Chief information officers (CIOs) play increasingly strategic roles in firms in this competitive global economy, which is now largely powered by information technology (IT). However, research has shown a lack of board of directors’ oversight on CIO‐ and IT‐related issues. Drawing on agency, resource dependence, and alignment theories, we investigate the effect of board of directors’ IT awareness on CIO compensation structure and firm performance. We conduct cross‐sectional time series analyses of data collected from various sources. Our study underlines three important findings. First, we show that some commonly known executive compensation determinants, such as individual characteristics and governance structure, do not have significant effects on CIO compensation structure. Second, with regard to CIO compensation structure, firms respond to increasing information asymmetry differently according to the level of IT awareness of their boards. Finally, firms perform better when their boards have higher levels of IT awareness, and this positive effect of IT awareness is considerably larger in IT intensive industries. Overall, our study provides empirical support for the important role of boards’ IT awareness in shaping CIO compensation and improving firm performance. Our results suggest that boards with functional area knowledge—or higher IT awareness in this case—can more effectively monitor and better incentivize executives, and consequently lead to better firm performance.  相似文献   
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