Compensation or competition: Bias in immigrants' access to active labour market measures

Whether participation in active labour market programmes (ALMPs) pushes individuals back into employment depends on the programme's characteristics. On the basis of encompassing registry data that allow us to control for usually unobserved employability, we find evidence of a systematic access bias whereby jobcentre caseworkers in Switzerland assign unemployed persons to activation measures based on a competition logic that is mainly driven by an economic rationale and the jobcentre's performance evaluation. This practice seems problematic because it results in an overrepresentation of immigrants in measures with little efficacy rather than in measures that could compensate for employability disadvantages. Conversely, Swiss citizens are more likely to enter beneficial human-capital-intensive measures. It is plausible that this discrepancy in programme participation amplifies the general labour market disadvantages of immigrants.     

企业财务危机预警双基点距离比值法

本文介绍了国内外主要企业财务危机预警模型,对模型的空间几何意义进行解释。提出了企业财务危机预警双基点距离比值模型,该模型采用非线性方法对危机企业与非危机企业的财务指标集合进行分割。用112例样本实证,预警识别率达到92.8%。     

The Center Location Improvement Problem Under the Hamming Distance

In this paper, we consider the center location improvement problems under the sum-type and bottleneck-type Hamming distance. For the sum-type problem, we show that achieving an algorithm with a worst-case ratio of O(log |V|) is NP-hard, and for the bottleneck-type problem, we present a strongly polynomial algorithm.     

Slack free MEA and RDM with comprehensive efficiency measures

This paper extends two directional distance function models, the Multi-directional Efficiency Analysis (MEA) Model and the Range Directional Model (RDM), in order to account for any type of technical inefficiency, i.e. both directional and non-directional inefficiencies. We first focus on the variable returns to scale (VRS) case, because both VRS-MEA and RDM are translation invariant models, which mean that both models are able to deal with negative data. Our main result is the definition of a new comprehensive efficiency measure which is units invariant and translation invariant and covers both models. Secondly, we introduce the RDM model under constant returns to scale (CRS) together with a new comprehensive efficiency measure.     

基于混合加权距离的毕达哥拉斯模糊TOPSIS多属性决策方法研究

针对决策信息为毕达哥拉斯模糊集的多属性决策问题,提出了一种基于混合加权测度的TOPSIS决策方法。在分析了现有距离测度方法不足的基础上,首先给出了一种新的毕达哥拉斯模糊距离测度——毕达哥拉斯模糊有序加权距离（PFOWD）,并研究了该测度权重的确定方法;在PFOWD基础上,进一步提出了毕达哥拉斯模糊混合加权距离（PFHWD）,同时探讨了其特征和与现有毕达哥拉斯模糊测度的关系;最后提出了一种基于PFHWD测度的毕达哥拉斯模糊TOPSIS多属性方法,并用实例验证了方法的有效性和可行性。     

母国区域制度质量对民营企业海外市场进入模式的影响

  海外市场进入模式是跨国企业实现国际化战略目标的重要战略决策。虽然国内外学者已经意识到制度因素对新兴市场跨国企业海外市场进入模式的影响,但大多集中在对东道国制度环境影响的研究,很少考虑母国区域制度环境的复杂性,且缺乏相应的实证检验。         在此背景下,基于制度理论和社会资本理论,探讨母国区域制度质量对中国民营企业海外市场进入模式的影响机理。以规制差异和文化差异为调节变量,以社会资本为中介变量,构建母国区域制度质量与民营企业海外市场进入模式之间关系的概念模型,并以2015年进行海外市场投资的210家中国民营上市企业为研究对象进行实证研究。         研究结果表明,①母国区域制度质量与民营企业海外市场进入模式呈正相关关系,即所处的母国区域制度质量越好,民营企业更倾向于选择独资的海外市场进入模式;②母国与东道国间的规制差异和文化差异负向调节母国区域制度质量与民营企业海外市场进入模式的正向关系;③社会资本对母国区域制度质量与民营企业海外市场进入模式的关系起部分中介作用,即民营企业获得的社会资本越多,对市场信息等方面的把控能力越强,越倾向于采用独资的海外市场进入模式。         研究结果展现了中国市场分割情景下民营企业海外市场进入模式的独特性,拓展了国际商务领域对新兴国家制度环境的理解和认识,促进了制度理论和社会资本理论在国际商务领域的应用和发展。在管理实践中,民营企业在进行海外市场进入模式决策时,应充分考虑其所在的区域制度环境,同时也要善于构建不同类型的社会资本,以提高企业战略决策的可靠性和有效性。     

Leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors: Contextual effects of leader power distance and group task interdependence

In this paper we explore the context of the relationship between leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). We maintain that workgroup leader's power distance and the extent of task interdependence in the group exert cross-level effects on the LMX-OCB relationship. We assert that leader power distance attenuates the relationship between LMX and OCB, and this effect is stronger in workgroups with high degree of task interdependence. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis of data gathered from 245 employees nested in 54 workgroups supported our hypotheses. LMX-OCB relationship was weaker in workgroups led by high power distance leaders. Further, the three-way cross-level interaction between LMX, leader power distance and group task interdependence demonstrated that the tendency for LMX to have a stronger positive effect on OCB when leader power distance was low rather than high was more pronounced in high task interdependence teams.     

Regulatory Institutional Distance and MNCs' Subsidiary Performance: Climbing up Vs. Climbing Down the Institutional Ladder

We investigate the possibility of regulatory institutional distance exerting an asymmetric effect on multinational corporations' (MNCs') subsidiary performance depending on the direction of institutional distance. We use the term ‘institutional ladder’ to differentiate between upward distance, referred to as when the subsidiary is operating in a relatively stronger institutional environment than its parent-firm's home country, and downward distance for vice versa. Combining institutional theory with organisational imprinting and learning perspectives, we argue that the implications of regulatory institutional distance on subsidiary performance are relatively more positive (or less negative) when MNCs are climbing down the institutional ladder as compared to when MNCs are climbing up the institutional ladder. We also argue that subsidiary ownership strategy – i.e. the choice of a wholly owned subsidiary (WOS) versus joint venture (JV) – moderates the above-mentioned implications of institutional distance on subsidiary performance. We test these hypotheses based on a panel data-set of 1936 foreign subsidiaries representing 70 host countries and 66 home countries and spanning the 12-year period: 2002–2013.     

‘It is not fair that you do not know we have problems’: Perceptual distance and the consequences of male leaders' conflict avoidance behaviours

This study investigates perceptual distance in terms of managers' conflict avoidance behaviour and its consequences for subordinates. We argue that perceptual distance, or the disagreement between a manager's perception and that of his or her subordinates of his or her conflict avoidance, is a genuine phenomenon. We examine the extent to which the perceptual distance regarding managers' avoidance behaviour influences a team's justice climate as well as the role of gender. The data collected from three multinational companies in China show that the perceptual distance of a male manager's avoidance behaviour exists and that it is associated with a negative justice climate within the team. These findings provide evidence of gender's effect on leadership and highlight the benefits of female leadership.     

模糊环境下考虑缺货和延期支付的Stackelberg均衡策略

在具有价格弹性需求的两层供应链系统中,考虑到价格弹性指数的模糊性和供应链延期支付策略,建立了含缺货的制造商-零售商协调模型.运用符号距离反模糊化方法将其转化为确定模型.基于遗传算法,设计了其求解方法,获得了制造商最优信用期和零售商最优零售价.数值结果表明:模糊环境下的延期支付策略降低了产品的市场零售价,同时增加了供应链中各成员的利润,因此实现了供应链协调.进一步分析显示当模糊价格弹性指数的上(下)界变化反映出的不确定性减弱时,制造商提供更长的信用期,且制造商和零售商的利润均增加(减少).