近年来中国刑事证据制度的改革评析——从“两个证据规定”到“刑诉法修正案”

在复杂而多元的中国法律体系中,2010年“两个证据规定”和2012年《刑事诉讼法》的及时出台,不仅引入了证据裁判、程序法定等一系列现代证据法原则,而且确立了质证审查规则和非法证据排除规则,一定程度上提升了我国刑事证据法的人权保障水平和科学性。当然,当前刑事证据法规范也存在规则冲突和细致性不足等缺陷。成效与局限并存与“试错逻辑”和“博弈逻辑”并存有较大的关系,试错逻辑使得一部分改革举措更具有实务可操作性,但博弈逻辑也使得证据规则的制定与落实存在隐忧。     

Full Bayesian Significance Test for Zero-Inflated Distributions

ABSTRACT

In this article we propose a new Kolmogorov-Smirnov type test for testing the nonlinearity of time series, based on the one which was originally introduced by An and Cheng. Our simulation study shows that the suggested test performs better than the original test. An associated bootstrap test is also found to outperform remarkably the non-bootstrap test.     

Compelling Evidence: Research Methods,HIV/AIDS,and Politics in Papua,Indonesia

Increasing calls for an evidence-based public health (EBPH) rely on forms of quantitative evidence to decide HIV/AIDS interventions. A major criticism of this method is it downplays the significance of experiential, cultural or political facets of HIV/AIDS. We apply the concept of ‘rendering technical’ to explore the relationship between methods used in HIV/AIDS research in Papua, Indonesia and current socioeconomic conditions. We analysed research methods used in sixty-two HIV/AIDS studies, assessed presentations at an international AIDS conference, and conducted ethnographic research in Papua. Nation-wide EBPH initiatives are implemented in Papua, yet there remains a critical mass of qualitative ethnographic studies carried out by indigenous scholars emphasising experiences of persons and culture, often within a colonial or post-colonial framework. We argue these studies partially counter approaches which render technical complex realities. In political conditions where indigenous minorities suffer inequities, qualitative ethnographic research may yield critical kinds of evidence, potentially contributing to more nuanced decision-making around HIV.     

视听资料与“最佳证据规则”

视听资料是诉讼中的一类重要的证据,由于其形象直观性,对于证明案件事实具有重要的意义。在运用的过程中,视听资料的证据能力和证明力的认定要遵循一定的原则。对其原件的使用以及非原件的采纳应该引起重视。     

论直接和言词原则

直接和言词原则是诉讼中得非常重要的基本原则。本文首先阐述了直接原则的三方面和言词原则的两方面的含义以及这两项原则的要求,紧接着论述它们的作用和其对于审判改革和司法公正的意义,然后分析了在我国这两项原则未能得到贯彻的原因之所在及其对策,最后得出结论应当有效地实施直接和言词原则,加强配套措施,促进司法公开,实现社会正义。     

论胡塞尔现象学明见性概念的问题情境及其基本特征

"明见性"概念在胡塞尔的现象学研究中具有十分关键的地位,但他本人对这个作为其哲学最初入口的关键性问题却始终采取一种含糊其辞的态度。不遗余力地确立绝对认识与自我负责的生活规范以及在自身意识中寻找知识的确然性是明见性概念最切身的两大问题情境,而直观性、相对于意识的直接显现、意向与充实的统一可以说是这一概念的最基本特征。这既体现出他对明见性概念的前身即确然性概念的独特理解与持续改造和发展,在更深层次的意义上也显示出作为一个立志成为开启性哲学家的胡塞尔同他之前各种思想特有的关联及其自身理论的特点。     

“古史辨”派、“二重证据法”及其相关问题——裘锡圭先生访谈录

裘锡圭先生在古文字、古文献、上古史等领域均有很高的成就,为学界所公认。2007年3月,应文史哲编辑部之约,裘先生接受了本刊特约记者的采访。在访谈中,裘先生回顾了自己的学习和研究的历程,就"古史辨"派、上古史、出土文献研究及"二重证据法"、"五帝时代"等问题畅谈了自己的看法。他认为,"古史辨"派在对上古史认识的大方向上是正确的,在古书辨伪方面则有许多地方需要纠正;我们今天对于疑古思想和学说应持继承与批判相结合的态度。20世纪70年代以后虽然涌现了大批出土文献,但就出土文献研究而言,传世典籍以及历代学者对传世典籍的研究仍然是基础。目前中国古典学,包括出土文献研究领域存在的问题主要不在缺乏理论或方法,而在研究者往往缺乏科学的态度。必须大力提倡一切以学术为依归的、实事求是的研究态度,提倡学术道德、学术良心。     

Has Social Work Heeded the Call? Sex Offender Content in Social Work

The relationship between theory, research and practice in the contemporary UK social work curriculum is examined in the context of the New Labour Government's insistence on making explicit the connections between knowledge, research, standards and ‘best practice’ in its regulatory discourse. The argument suggests that far from being obvious, settled or predictable in the way in which this discourse suggests, the relationship between research, theory and practice is highly contentious and certainly unresolved. The article then goes on to look at concepts of theory and research. ‘Theory’ is seen as having evolved with little reference to evidence and ‘research’ is seen as having established a new intellectual hegemony without having engaged with or contributed significantly to the development of practice theory. The article concludes that the trend towards a professional and intellectual fragmentation of the social work discipline needs to be reversed if students are to develop their own ‘research mindedness’.     

清末民初云南回族社会对基督教传播的认知与回应——马联元《辨理明证语录》及其影响

清末民初，基于在西南少数民族地区宣教活动的成功，基督教传教士将福音的传教对象指向了云南回族。当时的云南回族曾积极地回应了基督教传教士，其中著名经师马联元的回应之作《辨理明证语录》较为典型。《辨理明证语录》一书影响了云南和全国的回族社会，也影响了基督教传教士。     

论家庭暴力案件中的证据认定

在司法实践中家庭暴力的认定一直是解决家庭暴力问题的难点之一,而证据问题,则是家庭暴力认定中的难中之难。据此,在未来反家庭暴力法建立的证据制度中,我们应在家庭暴力民事案件诉讼的证明标准上采用“盖然性优势原则”;在举证责任中引入举证责任倒置的举证责任分配原则;此外,司法机关在证据的认定中应重视间接证据的运用。