战后初期港英政府租务管制政策研究

第二次世界大战结束后,香港人口急剧增长,引发了巨大的生存居住压力,屋荒问题空前严重,居住难成为重大的社会问题。为此,港英政府干预及介入房屋市场,制订实施租务管制条例,管制所有战前楼宇的租值,积极处理租务纠纷,有效遏制了屋荒进一步恶化及私人房屋租金的高涨,规范了房屋市场,大量移民暂得安居,确保战后社会的稳定、转型及吸聚人才。     

人力资本投资风险及防范控制研究述评

本文介绍了人力资本投资效益、人力资本投资风险以及人力资本投资风险防范控制等方面的相关研究成果，对相关研究成果进行梳理和评述。该研究能为人力资本投资风险及防控的研究和实践提供基础和借鉴。     

Application of copulas to multivariate control charts

The most popular multivariate control chart for monitoring the mean of a distribution is probably the Hotelling T² rule. Unfortunately, this rule relies on the assumption that the distribution under control is Gaussian, which is rarely true in practice. The objective of this paper is to propose a new approach for the non-normal multivariate case. It consists in the construction of a tolerance region obtained from a density level set estimation. The method follows a “plug-in” approach in which the density of the observations is previously estimated. This estimation is conducted using copulas modeling, an increasingly popular tool in multivariate modeling.     

The effectiveness of input control based on aggregate versus bottleneck work loads

This study compares input control based on aggregate shop loads with that based on bottleneck resource loads. Two appropriate release mechanisms are developed and compared in flow and job shops that have various levels of a bottleneck constraint. Simulation results show that both the level of bottleneck and the flow pattern influence the effectiveness of the strategies. Release based on aggregate loads works well when shop loads are balanced or when there is a bottleneck but the flow is highly structured, as in a flow shop. Release based on bottleneck loads works best when flow patterns are less structured, as in a job shop.     

Application of control charts in analytic hierarchy process

Vendor rating can be done using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by a single decision maker or a group of decision makers. This approach may suffer from some drawbacks including bias in estimation process. The proposed methodology in this paper involves estimation by a group on an individual basis following the principle of anonymity. A control chart is constructed with an upper control limit and a lower control limit. Implementation ofthiscontrol chart will take into account the dynamic nature of vendor performance and also can be used for continuous monitoring of the vendor performance. This procedure can be used for a single vendor as well as for multiple vendor rating.     

Genetic algorithm to production planning and scheduling problems for manufacturing systems

Fundamental and extended multi-objective (MO) models are designed to address earliness/tardiness production scheduling planning (ETPSP) problems with multi-process capacity balance, multi-product production and lot-size consideration. A canonical genetic algorithm (GA) approach and a prospective multi-objective GA (MOGA) approach are proposed as solutions for different practical problems. Simulation results as well as comparisons with other techniques demonstrate the effectiveness of the MOGA approach, which is a noted improvement to any of the existing techniques, and also in practice provides a new trend of integrating manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) with just-in-time (JIT) in the production planning procedure.     

“现代控制理论”课程双语教学研究

本文分析了“现代控制理论”课程实施双语教学的意义，重点从教师、学生、教材、教学方法等方面论述了搞好该课程双语教学的措施。     

Design requirements for health care production control systems

This paper addresses the issue of determining design requirements for production control in health care organizations, with a restriction to the internal production control of hospitals. Hospital management has limited possibilities to control hospital production, as hospital production processes are driven by medical specialists who, however, do not manage that process. We consider therefore the hospital as a virtual organization, consisting of a number of relatively independent businesses in a common framework. Each business unit functions as a focused factory for a range of more or less homogeneous products. Production control principles can be applied to each of these businesses, but not to the system as a whole. A number of elements from classical production control theory can be also applied to health care, i.e. the use of decoupling points, the bottleneck-oriented approach, and the operational control between production and market. However, important factors that need to be considered in health production control are that often specifications on quality are not available at the start of the process, and that there is strong interaction between the patient and the process. Our conclusion is that a dedicated framework for approaching hospital production control is necessary. The specific characteristics of hospital care and its state of production control development are the main arguments for this dedicated framework.     

The relative importance of planning and control systems in achieving good delivery performance

Amongst factors such as quick changeovers and workforce flexibility, managers in 533 UK manufacturing plants ranked a responsive planning and control system as the most important facilitator of good delivery performance on products made-to-order or assembled-to-order. The rankings indicate greater importance to companies in the Household and Engineering sectors than in Process and Electronics, where other factors are dominant. These results are combined with data such as customer lead times and item variety, to characterize and explain differences between the plants in these four sectors. Collectively the results indicate considerable differences in the production planning and control tasks. This implies that general statements on the importance of planning and control systems are inadequate. Practitioners need contextual information in order to ascertain when research is applicable to their circumstances.     

Monitoring Process Variability with Individual Measurements Following Elliptically Contoured Distributions

An exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart of squared distance is developed by means of a double EWMA approach to monitor process dispersion with individual measurements distributed within the class of elliptically symmetric distributions. Several examples highlighting possible extensions of the control chart to multivariate processes are provided. In particular, for multivariate normal processes, an investigation on the detection power of the chart is carried out through Monte Carlo studies. The results show that the proposed control chart performs well, especially when a process has a small or moderate shift.