Robustness evaluation of multisite distributed schedule with perturbed virtual jobshops

A method for evaluating the robustness of medium term multisite distributed schedule is presented. The method of robustness evaluation is based on steps and tools associated with the conceptual model of a MultiSite Reactive Production Activity Control (MSR-PAC). The MSR-PAC makes it possible to study the sensitivity of the scheduled plans in presence of perturbations. These must be evaluated before being dispatched to the shop-floors. At present, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no means to make this evaluation in the distributed systems such as extended enterprise. The monitoring of errors is based on the discrepancy between the two flow-shape functions that model respectively the dynamics of the scheduled manufacturing orders and the state of the perturbed production. The MSR-PAC is based on a multisite agent system and on the monitoring of the perturbed virtual jobshops. The method can also be used for controlling short term distributed production activities.     

Supply chain management: a supplier perspective

A new way of researching into supply chain management is introduced by adopting a supplier perspective. Details are given of mixed integer linear planning and simulation models. The planning model takes into consideration firm and forecast orders (customer's forecast purchasing orders) and the behaviour of the supplier's suppliers and suppliers' subcontractors. The simulation model takes into account the dynamic behaviour of the supply chain and includes the planning production behaviour of a supplying company based on the planning model. The supplier manager can use the simulation model to determine what kind of parameters most affect company performances and then propose new management rules. Quantitative results that prove the benefits of integrating forecast orders for an aeronautic supplier have been provided.     

论《书谱》的儒家艺术精神

儒家的艺术观在孙过庭的《书谱》里得到了比较完整的继承。《书谱》的书法理想是"中和美",即提倡书法中"情"与"法"、"骨力"与"妍媚"等的和谐统一。《书谱》对书法的人格主义批评也受儒家艺术观的影响。此外,《书谱》"质以代兴"、"异质同妍"的书法风格观也来自儒家美学。     

The association between job skill discretion, decision authority and burnout

This paper reports on the relationship between dimensions of control (skill discretion and decision authority) and burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) among 164 human service workers. It examines the differential influence of job demands, control (skill discretion and decision authority) and social support (supervisor, co-workers, others) on each burnout dimension. Then it examines the moderating effects of higher skill discretion, higher decision authority, and higher social support on burnout. Low skill discretion was found to be associated with high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low personal accomplishment. The effects of decision authority were not statistically significant. High job demands were associated with high emotional exhaustion only. Social support (supervisor, co-worker, and others) was not associated with burnout when demographic variables and job characteristics were controlled for. Neither dimension of control moderated the impact of high job demands on burnout. Social support did not moderate the impact of high demands, low skill discretion, or low decision authority on any burnout dimension. The full model explained 44% of the variance in emotional exhaustion, 25% in depersonalization, and 42% in personal accomplishment. Despite its limitations, the study suggests that the Job Demand-Control model may provide a useful theoretical foundation for the study of burnout, but that the control dimensions need to be evaluated independently since they appear to be differentially related to the burnout dimensions.     

Employee reactions to behavioural control under conditions of stress: the moderating role of self-efficacy

Extensive research conducted in the occupational stress literature has failed to provide convincing support for the stress-buffering effects of work control on employee adjustment. Drawing on research conducted in the laboratory context, it was proposed that the stress-buffering effects of work control on employee adjustment would be more marked at high, rather than low, levels of self-efficacy. In a sample of 100 customer service representatives, a significant three-way interaction among role conflict, work control and self-efficacy (measured at Time 1) was observed on (low) depersonalization (measured at Time 2). Consistent with expectations, work control reduced the negative effects of work stress on this outcome measure only for employees who perceived high levels of self-efficacy at work. In addition, there was evidence to suggest that self-efficacy moderated the main effects of work control on job satisfaction and somatic health. These findings are discussed in terms of their theoretical contribution to the job strain model, and also in relation to workplace interventions designed to improve levels of employee adjustment.     

Robust models in probability sampling

In the estimation of a population mean or total from a random sample, certain methods based on linear models are known to be automatically design consistent, regardless of how well the underlying model describes the population. A sufficient condition is identified for this type of robustness to model failure; the condition, which we call 'internal bias calibration', relates to the combination of a model and the method used to fit it. Included among the internally bias-calibrated models, in addition to the aforementioned linear models, are certain canonical link generalized linear models and nonparametric regressions constructed from them by a particular style of local likelihood fitting. Other models can often be made robust by using a suboptimal fitting method. Thus the class of model-based, but design consistent, analyses is enlarged to include more realistic models for certain types of survey variable such as binary indicators and counts. Particular applications discussed are the estimation of the size of a population subdomain, as arises in tax auditing for example, and the estimation of a bootstrap tail probability.     

基于信任的建筑业CP链知识共享研究

信任对建筑业相关知识的流动与共享起着决定性作用。而建筑流程（Construction Process，CP）的不同平台也使得知识的共享必不可少。论文分析了建筑业各参与主体间的信任框架，建立一条完整的知识流动链，并构建了建筑业实施知识共享的三个有效平台。     

试论如何完善企业内部控制

本文从内部控制的基本理论出发,在对内部控制作了多层面理解的基础上,从控制环境、会计责权控制及内部审计等三个方面对我国企业现阶段内部控制存在的问题进行了分析,并探究其原因。最后提出只有在采取规范法人治理结构、建立适当的内部激励机制、提高内部审计的独立性与权威性等措施之下,我国企业内部控制才能达到一个新的高度,才能真正意义上发挥作用。     

关于城镇人口就业的发展趋势与人口控制

本文阐述了人口就业在机制、渠道、就业压力等方面的发展趋势，并提出了顺应发展需要所必须选择的人口控制的若干措施和建议     

人民公社动员体制的利益机制和实现手段

在人民公社时期,为了使农村服从为工业发展提供积累这一社会目标体系,国家采取了一系列刚性措施:在经济上,国家以统购统销的计划经济为制度性基础,通过土地等生产资料集体化甚至生活资料的集体控制等手段,迫使农民对"集体"经济依附;在政治上,国家行政权力通过农民所依附的集体组织和各种党群团体深入到了农村最基层,并用强制性户籍制度对农民进行人身管制;在思想上,大力宣传以阶级斗争和权力神化为主要内容的奴化文化,并以政治运动的方式对反叛势力进行镇压,使整个社会处于高压之中。