创新试点政策能够引领企业创新吗?———来自国家创新型试点城市的微观证据

本文在理论分析的基础上,以国家创新型试点城市设立为“准自然实验”,采用2005-2016年沪深两市A 股上市公司为样本,利用双重差分法检验了国家创新型城市试点政策对企业创新的影响。研究结果表明:国家创新型城市试点政策显著提高了企业创新水平,并且所得结论经过一系列的稳健性检验依然成立。试点政策不存在时滞效应,且具有持续的促进作用,但因企业规模、技术水平、控股性质和城市规模不同存在显著差异,具体表现为创新试点政策对于中小规模企业、高新技术企业、民营控股企业和大城市企业的创新具有显著的促进作用。作用机制检验表明,创新型城市试点政策主要通过政府财政补贴、提高企业集聚程度、降低制度交易成本作用于企业创新。本文的研究为合理评估国家创新型城市试点政策效应提供了微观证据以及进一步推进企业创新有着重要的政策启示意义。     

应用型本科院校《综合化学实验》课程建设探索

依据国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要对应用型本科院校的人才培养要求,许多院校化学专业开设了《综合化学实验》课程。本文对应用型本科院校《综合化学实验》课程的创新建设进行了探讨,为化学实验教学在应用型人才培养方面探索出新的途径。     

Social media advocacy and gun violence: Applying the engagement model to nonprofit organizations’ communication efforts

Applying the model of engagement, this study tests the effectiveness of social media advocacy strategies, framing, and mobilizing information related to nonprofit organizations’ communication about the issue of gun violence. An online experiment revealed successful social media advocacy strategies within the engagement model. Two key components of social media advocacy were identified: (1) public relations practitioners’ roles in shaping messages and mobilizing publics; (2) the important role of marginalized groups and individuals in issue amplification.     

Crisis response strategy manipulation: A systematic review and a test of nuances

Although testing the effectiveness of crisis response strategies has been a prominent topic in crisis communication research, studies have rarely addressed whether the manipulation of these strategies accurately reflects their theoretical definitions in experiments. Through a systematic review, this study first identified nuances in the manipulation of apology, diminishing, and scapegoating strategies. The study then tested the effect of the variation of the same strategy on the public’s responses using three experiments. The findings revealed that an explicit apology was more effective than an implicit apology, while an apology with corrective action was even more effective than an apology alone. Internal scapegoating significantly harmed an organization compared to external scapegoating. Following the results of the study, researchers are encouraged to review their crisis response strategy manipulations to ensure the internal validity of experimental studies in crisis communication.     

Beauty and social capital: Being attractive shapes social networks

It is a fact of life that being beautiful is advantageous (Hamermesh, 2011). Whether we consider incomes or the marriage market, the more attractive one is, the better one does. Drawing on psychological research that explains why beauty pays, we hypothesize that more attractive people will exploit social network opportunities differently than less attractive people and, consequently, their networks will comprise more beneficial features. As predicted, results of an experiment showed that more attractive people were more likely to select for themselves more profitable broker positions in networks relative to other positions and relative to less attractive people. Relying on network data supplied by young professionals, in a follow-up study we found that the networks of more attractive people were relatively less dense, as the findings of Study 1 would imply. We discuss the implications for our work as well as highlight the need for further research into an understudied, but potentially influential brokerage contingency factor—physical appeal.     

Elicited vs. voluntary promises

We set up an experiment with pre-play communication to study the impact of promise elicitation by trustors from trustees on trust and trustworthiness. When given the opportunity a majority of trustors solicits a promise from the trustee. This drives up the promise making rate by trustees to almost 100%. We find that elicited promises are more likely to be trusted than volunteered promises, but trustees who make an elicited promise are not more likely to be trustworthy than trustees who make a voluntary promise.     

Is there a hidden cost of imposing a minimum contribution level for public good contributions?

We examine the effects of either exogenously imposing or endogenously letting subjects choose whether to impose minimum contribution levels (MCLs) in a linear public goods experiment using the strategy method. Our results on contribution levels to the public goods are fairly independent of how MCLs are imposed. We find that the main effect of an MCL on unconditional contributions is that it increases low contribution levels to the MCL imposed, while the effect of those contributing more than the MCL before its introduction depends on the size of the MCL. Unexpectedly, there is much more crowding out for a low MCL than for a relatively high MCL. However, the distribution of contribution types is stable across different MCLs.     

Maximal invariant likelihood based testing of semi-linear models

In this paper, we use a maximal invariant likelihood (MIL) to construct two likelihood ratio (LR) tests in the context of a semi-linear regression model. The first involves testing for the inclusion of a non-linear regressor and the second involves testing a linear regressor against the alternative of a non-linear regressor. We report the results of a Monte Carlo experiment that compares the size and power properties of the traditional LR tests with those of our proposed MIL based LR tests. Our simulation results show that in both cases, the MIL based tests have more accurate asymptotic critical values and better behaved (i.e., better centred) power curves than their classical counterparts.     

Bell不等式实验检验的重大进展——Weihs实验和Rowe实验述评

Weihs实验（1998）和Rowe实验（2001）可能是自Aspect实验（1982）以来已完成的几十个Bell型实验中最重要的两个。这两个实验已分别地封闭了定域性漏洞和效率漏洞,但定域隐变量理论并没有完全被排除。相信有朝一日人们会完成一个无漏洞的实验。即使如此,定域隐变量理被排除的问题仍然会是悬而未决的。断言试图通过完成一个无争议的判决性实验来解决定域隐变量理论与量子力学的冲突是不可能的。